Ivanović D, Alvarez M L, Trufello I
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1986 Mar;36(1):152-65.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of knowledge on food and nutrition in students graduating from Basic Education in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile. A random sample of 249 students of both sexes (1:1) from public and non-public schools (1:1) and from high, medium and low socioeconomic level (SEL), was selected. SEL was measured through the Graffar Modified Scale, and the degree of knowledge on food and nutrition was evaluated through a standardized test of 29 multiple choice items, based on the objectives of the curriculum program. The test was divided in two areas: Area 1, which contemplated Food and Requirements and Area 2, Food, Personal and Environmental Hygiene. Data were analyzed by chi-square procedure, comparing students who obtained sufficient knowledge (greater than or equal to 50% of correct answers) with those who obtained insufficient knowledge (less than 50% of correct answers). Results of the study indicated that 39.8% of students registered sufficient knowledge, 31.3% and 65.9% in Area 1 and 2, respectively. According to SEL, 62.1% and 12.3% of students from high and low SEL, respectively, registered sufficient knowledge (p less than 0.001), and the same effect was observed in Areas 1 and 2. In relation to sex, 46.3% of females and 33.3% of males registered sufficient knowledge (p less than 0.05), fact which was confirmed in both areas of the test. No significant differences were registered in the degree of knowledge on food and nutrition of students from public and non-public schools. It is therefore concluded that the degree of knowledge on food and nutrition in students graduating from Basic Education differs significantly according to SEL and, sex. This study represents a basic contribution to the better understanding of factors affecting the degree of knowledge on food and nutrition in students graduating from Basic Education in Santiago, Chile, and may serve as base-line for further studies on the subject.
本研究的目的是评估智利圣地亚哥大都市区基础教育毕业学生对食品与营养的了解程度。从公立和非公立学校（比例为1:1）以及高、中、低社会经济水平（SEL）的学生中随机抽取了249名男女学生（比例为1:1）。通过格拉法尔改良量表来衡量SEL，并根据课程计划目标，通过一项包含29个多项选择题的标准化测试来评估食品与营养的了解程度。该测试分为两个部分：第一部分涉及食品与需求，第二部分涉及食品、个人与环境卫生。通过卡方程序对数据进行分析，将获得足够知识（正确答案大于或等于50%）的学生与获得知识不足（正确答案小于50%）的学生进行比较。研究结果表明，39.8%的学生知识掌握足够，在第一部分和第二部分中分别为31.3%和65.9%。根据SEL，高SEL和低SEL的学生中分别有62.1%和12.3%的学生知识掌握足够（p小于0.001），在第一部分和第二部分中也观察到了同样的效果。在性别方面，46.3%的女性和33.3%的男性知识掌握足够（p小于0.05），这一情况在测试的两个部分中均得到证实。公立和非公立学校学生在食品与营养知识程度方面未发现显著差异。因此得出结论，基础教育毕业学生对食品与营养的了解程度因SEL和性别而存在显著差异。本研究为更好地理解影响智利圣地亚哥基础教育毕业学生食品与营养知识程度的因素做出了基础性贡献，并可为该主题的进一步研究提供基线。
