Role of wing inertia in maneuvering bat flights.

The role of aerodynamics and wing inertia on the motion dynamics for the maneuvering flight of two bats from two species of roundleaf bats,andare investigated. Comparative studies among a straight flight, two ascending sweeping right turns, and a U-turn reveal that inertial forces play an essential and sometimes crucial role in the maneuvers. The translational trajectory of the bat is mostly driven by aerodynamic forces generated by the wings along the flight path, whereas inertial forces for the most part drive the intra-cycle fluctuations. However, inertial forces are found to contribute non-trivially to the ascending motion of theduring the sweeping turn and the U-turn. The roll maneuver is found to be primarily driven by aerodynamic asymmetries during flight, whereas the yaw maneuver is primarily driven by imbalances in wing inertial moments. Inertial moments resulting from Coriolis and centrifugal forces are found to play an important role in accurate yaw prediction. The moment due to Coriolis force plays a very prominent role in predicting the correct yaw angle during the extreme 180° U-turn.