Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, India.
Chem Biol Drug Des. 2023 Jan;101(1):218-243. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14172. Epub 2022 Nov 15.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is caused due to the lack of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression. Triple-negative breast cancer is the most aggressive heterogeneous disease that is capable of producing different clones and mutations. Tumorigenesis in TNBC is caused due to the mutation or overexpression of tumor suppressor genes. It is also associated with mutations in the BRCA gene which is linked to hereditary breast cancer. In addition, PARP proteins and checkpoint proteins also play a crucial function in causing TNBC. Many cell signaling pathways are dysregulated in TNBC. Even though chemotherapy and immunotherapy are good options for TNBC treatment, the response rates are still low in general. Many phytochemicals that are derived from natural compounds have shown very good inhibitions for TNBC. Natural compounds have the great advantage of being less toxic, having lesser side effects, and being easily available. The secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids in natural products make them promising inhibitors of TNBC. Their compositions also offer vital insights into inhibitory action, which could lead to new cancer-fighting strategies. This review can help in understanding how naturally occurring substances and medicinal herbs decrease specific tumors and pave the way for the development of novel and extremely efficient antitumor therapies.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是由于缺乏雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和人表皮生长因子 2（HER2）的表达而引起的。三阴性乳腺癌是最具侵袭性的异质性疾病，能够产生不同的克隆和突变。TNBC 的肿瘤发生是由于肿瘤抑制基因的突变或过表达引起的。它也与 BRCA 基因的突变有关，BRCA 基因与遗传性乳腺癌有关。此外，PARP 蛋白和检查点蛋白在导致 TNBC 方面也起着至关重要的作用。许多细胞信号通路在 TNBC 中失调。尽管化疗和免疫疗法是 TNBC 治疗的好选择，但总体反应率仍然较低。许多来源于天然化合物的植物化学物质对 TNBC 表现出很好的抑制作用。天然化合物的优势在于毒性较小、副作用较小、易于获得。天然产物中的生物碱、萜类、甾体和类黄酮等次生代谢物使它们成为 TNBC 有希望的抑制剂。它们的组成也为抑制作用提供了重要的见解，这可能为新的抗癌策略铺平道路。这篇综述可以帮助理解天然物质和草药如何减少特定的肿瘤，并为开发新型、高效的抗肿瘤疗法铺平道路。
