Rahman Ashiqur, Hriday Mamun Bin Harun, Khan Riasat
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2022 Oct 20;8(10):e11204. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11204. eCollection 2022 Oct.
The fatality of road accidents in this era is alarming. According to WHO, approximately 1.30 million people die each year in road accidents. Road accidents result in significant socioeconomic losses for people, their families, and the country. The integration of modern technologies into automobiles can help to reduce the number of people killed or injured in road accidents. Most of the study and police reports claim that fatigued driving is one of the deadliest factors behind many road accidents. This paper presents a complete embedded system to detect fatigue driving using deep learning, computer vision, and heart rate monitoring with Nvidia Jetson Nano developer kit, Arduino Uno, and AD8232 heart rate module. The proposed system can monitor the driver's real-time situations, then analyze the situation to detect any fatigue conditions and act accordingly. The onboard camera module constantly monitors the driver. The frames are retrieved and analyzed by the core system that uses deep learning and computer vision techniques to verify the situation with Nvidia Jetson Nano. The driver's states are identified using eye and mouth localization approaches from 68 distinct facial landmarks. Experimentally driven threshold data is employed to classify the states. The onboard heart rate module constantly measures the heart rates and detects any fluctuation in BPM related to the drowsiness. This system uses a convolutional neural network-based deep learning framework to include additional face mask detection to cope with the current pandemic situation. The heart rate module works parallelly where the other modules work in a conditional sequential manner to ensure uninterrupted detection. It will detect any sign of drowsiness in real-time and generate the alarm. The system successfully passed the initial lab tests and some actual situation experiments with 97.44% accuracy in fatigue detection and 97.90% accuracy in face mask identification. The automatic device was able to analyze different situations of drivers (different distances of driver from the camera, various lighting conditions, wearing eyeglasses, oblique projection) more precisely and generate an alarm before the accident happened.
这个时代道路交通事故的死亡率令人震惊。据世界卫生组织称,每年约有130万人死于道路交通事故。道路交通事故给人们、他们的家庭以及国家带来了巨大的社会经济损失。将现代技术集成到汽车中有助于减少道路交通事故中的伤亡人数。大多数研究和警方报告称,疲劳驾驶是许多道路交通事故背后最致命的因素之一。本文提出了一个完整的嵌入式系统,利用深度学习、计算机视觉和心率监测技术,结合英伟达Jetson Nano开发套件、Arduino Uno和AD8232心率模块来检测疲劳驾驶。所提出的系统可以监测驾驶员的实时情况,然后分析情况以检测任何疲劳状况并采取相应行动。车载摄像头模块持续监测驾驶员。核心系统检索并分析这些帧,该系统使用深度学习和计算机视觉技术通过英伟达Jetson Nano来验证情况。利用来自68个不同面部特征点的眼睛和嘴巴定位方法来识别驾驶员的状态。通过实验驱动的阈值数据对状态进行分类。车载心率模块持续测量心率并检测与困倦相关的每分钟心跳数的任何波动。该系统使用基于卷积神经网络的深度学习框架,增加了面部口罩检测功能以应对当前的疫情形势。心率模块并行工作,而其他模块以条件顺序方式工作,以确保不间断检测。它将实时检测任何困倦迹象并发出警报。该系统成功通过了初步实验室测试和一些实际情况实验,疲劳检测准确率为97.44%,面部口罩识别准确率为97.90%。该自动装置能够更精确地分析驾驶员的不同情况(驾驶员与摄像头的不同距离、各种光照条件、戴眼镜、倾斜投影),并在事故发生前发出警报。