腹侧被盖区多巴胺能系统作为阿尔茨海默病的诊断和治疗靶点。

The VTA dopaminergic system as diagnostic and therapeutical target for Alzheimer's disease.

作者信息

Krashia Paraskevi, Spoleti Elena, D'Amelio Marcello

机构信息

Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.

Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.

出版信息

Front Psychiatry. 2022 Oct 17;13:1039725. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1039725. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) occur in nearly all patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Most frequently they appear since the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage preceding clinical AD, and have a prognostic importance. Unfortunately, these symptoms also worsen the daily functioning of patients, increase caregiver stress and accelerate the disease progression from MCI to AD. Apathy and depression are the most common of these NPS, and much attention has been given in recent years to understand the biological mechanisms related to their appearance in AD. Although for many decades these symptoms have been known to be related to abnormalities of the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA), a direct association between deficits in the VTA and NPS in AD has never been investigated. Fortunately, this scenario is changing since recent studies using preclinical models of AD, and clinical studies in MCI and AD patients demonstrated a number of functional, structural and metabolic alterations affecting the VTA dopaminergic neurons and their mesocorticolimbic targets. These findings appear early, since the MCI stage, and seem to correlate with the appearance of NPS. Here, we provide an overview of the recent evidence directly linking the dopaminergic VTA with NPS in AD and propose a setting in which the precocious identification of dopaminergic deficits can be a helpful biomarker for early diagnosis. In this scenario, treatments of patients with dopaminergic drugs might slow down the disease progression and delay the impairment of daily living activities.

摘要

神经精神症状(NPS)几乎出现在所有阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者中。它们最常出现在临床AD之前的轻度认知障碍(MCI)阶段,具有预后意义。不幸的是,这些症状也会使患者的日常功能恶化,增加照顾者的压力,并加速疾病从MCI进展到AD。冷漠和抑郁是这些NPS中最常见的,近年来人们对了解与它们在AD中出现相关的生物学机制给予了很多关注。尽管几十年来已知这些症状与多巴胺能腹侧被盖区(VTA)的异常有关,但VTA功能缺陷与AD中的NPS之间的直接关联从未被研究过。幸运的是,这种情况正在改变,因为最近使用AD临床前模型的研究以及对MCI和AD患者的临床研究表明,有许多功能、结构和代谢改变影响VTA多巴胺能神经元及其中脑皮质边缘靶点。这些发现从MCI阶段就开始出现,似乎与NPS的出现相关。在这里,我们概述了最近将多巴胺能VTA与AD中的NPS直接联系起来的证据,并提出一种情况,即早熟识别多巴胺能缺陷可能是早期诊断的有用生物标志物。在这种情况下,用多巴胺能药物治疗患者可能会减缓疾病进展并延迟日常生活活动的受损。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6b40/9618946/c9f60d777227/fpsyt-13-1039725-g0001.jpg

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