Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, National School of Public Health, Center for Studies and Research in Emergencies and Disasters in Health - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, René Rachou Institute, Disaster Observatory - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2022 Oct 28;25(Supl 2):e220004. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720220004.supl.2. eCollection 2022.
Between 2015 and 2019, Brazil recorded the two most serious disasters involving mining dams of the 21st century. The purpose of this article is to offer an understanding of these disasters as systemic risks. They involve from global and national processes related to social determinants that materialize in a complex system of dams distributed throughout the country with their intrinsic risks. When they occur, result in a set of impacts with potential damage and immediate effects combined with secondary and tertiary impacts that can trigger chain reactions, which promote risk factors of heterogeneous and complex occurrence. Approaching these events from the point of view of systemic risk allows for a broader understanding of both the singularity of each of these disasters and their multiple exposure, risk and disease processes, as well as the structural characteristics in which social, political processes and dynamics and economic factors reproduce in multiple territories a common pattern of disasters and their effects. We conclude that the promotion of population health and sustainable territories should guide the organization of production processes and not the opposite, with the externalization of human, environmental and social costs of mining and its disasters.
2015 年至 2019 年间，巴西记录了 21 世纪涉及采矿大坝的两起最严重灾害。本文旨在将这些灾害理解为系统性风险。它们涉及与社会决定因素相关的全球和国家进程，这些进程在全国范围内分布着复杂的大坝系统中体现出来，这些大坝系统具有内在风险。当这些灾害发生时，会导致一系列潜在的破坏和即时影响，再加上二级和三级影响，可能引发连锁反应，从而增加异质和复杂事件的风险因素。从系统性风险的角度来审视这些事件，可以更全面地了解这些灾害的独特性及其多重暴露、风险和疾病过程，以及社会、政治进程和动态以及经济因素在多个地区复制的结构性特征，这些地区共同存在灾害及其影响的模式。我们的结论是，促进人口健康和可持续的地区应该指导生产过程的组织，而不是相反，将采矿及其灾害的人类、环境和社会成本外化。
