Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China.
Microb Ecol. 2023 Aug;86(2):872-886. doi: 10.1007/s00248-022-02129-y. Epub 2022 Nov 4.
Soil fungi are essential to soil microorganisms that play an important role in the ecosystem's soil carbon cycle and mineral nutrient transformation. Understanding the structural characteristics and diversity of soil fungal communities helps understand the health of forest ecosystems. The transition from tropical rainforest to artificial forest greatly impacts the composition and diversity of fungal communities. Hainan Limushan tropical rainforest National Park has a large area of artificial forests. Ecologists have conducted in-depth studies on the succession of animals and plants to regenerate tropical rainforests. There are few reports on the diversity of soil fungi and its influencing factors in the succession of tropical rainforests in Limu Mountain. In this study, 44 soil samples from five different stands were collected in the tropical rainforest of Limushan, Hainan. High-throughput sequencing of rDNA in its region was used to analyze fungal communities and study their α and β diversity. Analysis of variance and multiple regression models was used to analyze soil variables and fungal functional groups to determine the effects of interaction between fungi and environmental factors. A total of 273,996 reads and 1290 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained, belonging to 418 species, 325 genera, 159 families, eight phyla, 30 classes, and 73 orders. The results showed that the composition of soil fungal communities in the five stands was similar, with ascomycetes accounting for 70.5% and basidiomycetes accounting for 14.7%. α and β diversity analysis showed that soil fungi in Limushan tropical rainforest had high abundance and diversity. Multiple regression analysis between soil variables and functional groups showed that organic matter, TN, TP, TK, and AK were excellent predictors for soil fungi. TP was the strongest predictor in all functional groups except soil saprotroph. Organic matter and total nitrogen were the strongest predictors of soil rot. The transformation from tropical rainforest to artificial forest in Limushan did not change the soil fungal community structure, but the richness and diversity of soil fungi changed. The forest transformation did not lead to decreased soil fungal abundance and diversity. Different vegetation types and soil properties affect the diversity of soil fungal communities. We found that Caribbean pine plantations can improve soil fungal diversity, while long-term Eucalyptus spp. plantations may reduce soil fungal diversity.
土壤真菌是土壤微生物的重要组成部分，在生态系统土壤碳循环和矿物养分转化中发挥着重要作用。了解土壤真菌群落的结构特征和多样性有助于理解森林生态系统的健康状况。从热带雨林到人工林的转变极大地影响了真菌群落的组成和多样性。海南黎母山热带雨林国家公园拥有大面积的人工林。生态学家对热带雨林动植物的演替进行了深入研究，以恢复热带雨林。关于黎母山热带雨林演替过程中土壤真菌的多样性及其影响因素的报道较少。本研究在海南黎母山热带雨林的五个不同林分中采集了 44 个土壤样本。通过对其区域 rDNA 的高通量测序，分析了真菌群落，并研究了它们的 α 和 β 多样性。方差分析和多元回归模型用于分析土壤变量和真菌功能群，以确定真菌与环境因素之间的相互作用的影响。共获得 273996 条reads 和 1290 个操作分类单元（OTUs），属于 418 个种、325 个属、159 个科、8 个门、30 个纲和 73 个目。结果表明，五个林分土壤真菌群落的组成相似，子囊菌门占 70.5%，担子菌门占 14.7%。α 和 β 多样性分析表明，黎母山热带雨林土壤真菌丰度和多样性较高。土壤变量与功能群之间的多元回归分析表明，有机质、TN、TP、TK 和 AK 是土壤真菌的优秀预测因子。除土壤腐生菌外，TP 是所有功能群中最强的预测因子。有机质和全氮是土壤腐殖质的最强预测因子。黎母山从热带雨林到人工林的转变并没有改变土壤真菌群落结构，但土壤真菌的丰富度和多样性发生了变化。森林转化并没有导致土壤真菌丰度和多样性的降低。不同的植被类型和土壤性质会影响土壤真菌群落的多样性。我们发现，加勒比松人工林可以提高土壤真菌多样性，而长期种植桉树可能会降低土壤真菌多样性。
