Hussein Hussein Awad, Müller Anja-Elivera, Staufenbiel Rudolf
Internal Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Vet Med Labor GmbH, IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Oct 18;9:905249. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.905249. eCollection 2022.
Evaluation of mineral profiles including essential and toxic elements in dairy cows provides fundamental information for bovine practitioners during regular herd supervision and monitoring. The present research was designed to investigate the variations of mineral profiles in different blood specimens of dairy cows at different lactation stages.
This study was divided into two parts: the first included 32 cows, which were classified into four groups according to their lactation stages, and the second involved 10 cows at mid-lactation. The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), cobalt (Co), silicon (Si), lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), thallium (Tl), boron (B), aluminum (Al), uranium (U), and arsenic (As) were measured in serum, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma, heparin plasma, and EDTA whole blood samples.
The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ba, and Sr showed significant variations among the dairy cows of different lactation stages ( < 0.05). Strong regressions were determined between the mineral concentrations in individual and pooled samples ( = 0.991, = 0.000). In comparison to other blood sample types, the concentration of Cu, Ba, and Sr was higher in EDTA plasma ( < 0.000). In addition, the values of Zn, Se, Fe, and Mn were significantly increased in heparin and EDTA whole blood samples. Concentrations of Ca and Mg, and P were higher in EDTA plasma, and EDTA whole blood samples, respectively. Furthermore, the mean values of Si, Li, Ni, and Tl showed significant increases in EDTA plasma, while S values were higher in EDTA whole blood samples ( < 0.000). Concentrations of Al and U exhibited significant increases in serum samples ( < 0.000).
Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ba, and Sr undergo physiological variations among dairy cows at different lactation stages. Therefore, caution should be taken during assessment of these minerals. The concentrations of essential and toxic elements, as well as Ca, P, Mg, and S, varied among the different blood sample specimens, indicating their interpretations should be based on this regard. During dairy herd supervision, the use of pool sample, instead of individual ones, for determination of mineral status may be promising to minimize the costs of individual sample measurements. In general, EDTA plasma may be more suitable for measurements of Ca, Mg, P, and S. It seems that EDTA plasma and heparinized plasma are suited for the estimation of Se and Fe, respectively.
评估奶牛体内包括必需元素和有毒元素在内的矿物质状况，可为兽医在日常畜群监管和监测过程中提供基础信息。本研究旨在调查不同泌乳阶段奶牛不同血液样本中矿物质状况的变化。
本研究分为两部分：第一部分包括32头奶牛，根据泌乳阶段分为四组；第二部分包括10头处于泌乳中期的奶牛。测定了血清、乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）血浆、肝素血浆和EDTA全血样本中铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、硒（Se）、锰（Mn）、钡（Ba）、锶（Sr）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、总磷（P）、硫（S）、钴（Co）、硅（Si）、锂（Li）、镍（Ni）、铊（Tl）、硼（B）、铝（Al）、铀（U）和砷（As）的浓度。
不同泌乳阶段奶牛的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ba和Sr浓度存在显著差异（<０.０５）。个体样本和混合样本中的矿物质浓度之间存在强相关性（= 0.991，= 0.000）。与其他血液样本类型相比，EDTA血浆中Cu、Ba和Sr的浓度更高（<０.０００）。此外，肝素和EDTA全血样本中Zn、Se、Fe和Mn的值显著增加。EDTA血浆和EDTA全血样本中Ca和Mg以及P的浓度分别更高。此外，EDTA血浆中Si、Li、Ni和Tl的平均值显著增加，而EDTA全血样本中S值更高（<０.０００）。血清样本中Al和U的浓度显著增加（<０.０００）。
不同泌乳阶段奶牛的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ba和Sr浓度会发生生理变化。因此，在评估这些矿物质时应谨慎。必需元素和有毒元素以及Ca、P、Mg和S的浓度在不同血液样本中有所不同，这表明对它们的解读应基于这一点。在奶牛群监管过程中，使用混合样本而非个体样本测定矿物质状况可能有助于将个体样本测量成本降至最低。一般来说，EDTA血浆可能更适合测定Ca、Mg、P和S。似乎EDTA血浆和肝素化血浆分别适合估计Se和Fe。
