La Frinere-Sandoval Quynh Nhu Natasha B, Cubbin Catherine, DiNitto Diana M
Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin.
AIMS Public Health. 2022 Jul 11;9(3):559-573. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2022039. eCollection 2022.
Research suggests that factors beyond the individual level, such as neighborhood-level factors, warrant further investigation in explaining preventive screening utilization disparities. In addition, research shows that immigrant women, especially recent immigrants, are less likely than U.S.-born women to utilize preventive screenings. Our study examined the relationship between perceived neighborhood social cohesion and breast and cervical cancer screening utilization among U.S.-born and immigrant women. Data came from the 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The sample for this study included 7801 women ages 21-64 without a hysterectomy. Of them, 1477 (19%) reported being born outside the United States. Logistic regression was used to examine associations of perceived neighborhood social cohesion and sociodemographic factors with the odds of screening by nativity status. Though we found no link between neighborhood social cohesion and Papanicolaou (Pap) test or mammogram utilization, our findings contribute to understanding sociodemographic barriers to and facilitators of preventive screening utilization among immigrant and U.S.-born women. Most importantly, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in Pap tests and mammogram utilization were evident among immigrant women. The disparities we identified indicate the need to target prevention messages and tailor interventions to address each group's sociodemographic characteristics and needs. Our findings also support the need to expand health insurance so that all women are covered.
研究表明，个体层面以外的因素，如邻里层面的因素，在解释预防性筛查利用差异方面值得进一步研究。此外，研究表明，移民女性，尤其是新移民，比美国本土出生的女性更不可能利用预防性筛查。我们的研究考察了美国本土出生和移民女性中感知到的邻里社会凝聚力与乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查利用之间的关系。数据来自2018年国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）。本研究的样本包括7801名年龄在21 - 64岁且未进行子宫切除的女性。其中，1477名（19%）报告出生在美国境外。逻辑回归用于检验感知到的邻里社会凝聚力和社会人口学因素与按出生状况进行筛查几率之间的关联。尽管我们没有发现邻里社会凝聚力与巴氏试验或乳房X光检查利用之间的联系，但我们的研究结果有助于理解移民和美国本土出生女性在预防性筛查利用方面的社会人口学障碍和促进因素。最重要的是，在移民女性中，巴氏试验和乳房X光检查利用方面的种族/族裔和社会经济差异很明显。我们发现的这些差异表明，需要针对预防信息并调整干预措施，以满足每个群体的社会人口学特征和需求。我们的研究结果还支持扩大医疗保险覆盖范围，以便所有女性都能得到保障。
