Exosomal noncoding RNAs in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of mortality among men. The recurrent reports of false-positive results of common PCa biomarkers have led to the introduction of some promising biomarkers for PCa, such as exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Exosomes contain various components, such as several ncRNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs), which are important in the initiation and progression of PCa. These ncRNAs also reflect the state of the origin cell. In this article, we reviewed research on the importance and roles of ncRNAs in PCa, focusing on exosomal ncRNAs. We highlighted plasma exosomal miRNAs (8 miRNAs), urine exosomal miRNAs (19miRNAs), serum miRNAs (2 miRNAs), and five miRNAs in semen used for PCa diagnosis. Also, four exosomal lncRNAs in plasma and urine can be used as biomarkers for PCa diagnosis.