Darville-Sanders Gabrielle, Reinoso Humberto, MacInnes Jann, Corluyan Emilie, Munroe Dominique, Mathis Mary W, Madden Suzie Lamarca, Hamrick Johnathan, Dickerson Lisa, Gaddis Cheryl
Department of Public Health, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Georgia Baptist College of Nursing, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
JMIR Form Res. 2022 Nov 4;6(11):e38164. doi: 10.2196/38164.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. High-risk HPV strains are associated with cancer of the cervix, oropharynx, anus, rectum, penis, vagina, and vulva. To combat increasing HPV-related cancers, the 9-valent HPV vaccine Gardasil was developed. Recommendation of the HPV vaccine by a health care provider has been cited as the number one factor affecting vaccine uptake among adolescents and young adults. Physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists have been enlisted to bridge the gap.
The specific aim of this research study was to develop a reliable and valid HPV vaccine communication scale that can be used to measure the competency of primary care providers when recommending the need for vaccination to parents and patients.
Using a descriptive study, we collected data via a literature review, focus groups, and an expert panel to inform the scale domains and blueprint design. Pretesting (cognitive interviews) was used to inform item revision decisions. An item analysis was also conducted for the responses provided in the cognitive interviews. Item statistics (means and SDs), interitem correlations, and reliability were examined. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM Corp) software.
A valid and reliable 42-item HPV vaccine communication competency scale was developed. The scale included 6 domains of interest. Scale items were moderately to strongly correlated with one another, and Cronbach α indicated good internal consistency with each scale. Scale items included were related to provider introduction or rapport (α=.796), patient respect or empathy (α=.737), provider interview or intake (α=.9), patient counseling or education (α=.935), provider communication closure (α=.896), and provider knowledge (α=.824).
Pharmacists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants should be trained to be competent in HPV vaccine communication and recommendation due to their expanded roles. Interdisciplinary collaboration is important to account for the trainee's individual differences and ensure the best health care outcomes for patients. A standardized HPV communication scale can be used to ensure effective and consistent recommendation by health care providers, thus affecting immunization rates.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是美国最常见的性传播感染。高危型HPV毒株与宫颈癌、口咽癌、肛门癌、直肠癌、阴茎癌、阴道癌和外阴癌相关。为应对HPV相关癌症的增加，研发了9价HPV疫苗佳达修。医疗保健提供者对HPV疫苗的推荐被认为是影响青少年和年轻人疫苗接种率的首要因素。医师助理、执业护士和药剂师已被招募来弥补这一差距。
本研究的具体目的是开发一种可靠且有效的HPV疫苗沟通量表，可用于衡量初级保健提供者向家长和患者推荐疫苗接种必要性时的能力。
采用描述性研究，通过文献综述、焦点小组和专家小组收集数据，以确定量表领域和蓝图设计。预测试（认知访谈）用于为项目修订决策提供信息。还对认知访谈中提供的回答进行了项目分析。检查了项目统计数据（均值和标准差）、项目间相关性和信度。使用SPSS（IBM公司）软件进行数据分析。
开发了一个有效且可靠的包含42个条目的HPV疫苗沟通能力量表。该量表包括6个感兴趣的领域。量表条目相互之间呈中度至高度相关，Cronbach α表明每个量表具有良好的内部一致性。纳入的量表条目与提供者介绍或融洽关系（α = 0.796）、患者尊重或同理心（α = 0.737）、提供者访谈或问诊（α = 0.9）、患者咨询或教育（α = 0.935）、提供者沟通结束（α = 0.896）以及提供者知识（α = 0.824）相关。
由于药剂师、执业护士和医师助理的角色扩大，应培训他们在HPV疫苗沟通和推荐方面具备能力。跨学科合作对于考虑受训者的个体差异并确保为患者提供最佳医疗保健结果很重要。标准化的HPV沟通量表可用于确保医疗保健提供者进行有效且一致的推荐，从而影响免疫接种率。
