Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom.
Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom.
Prev Vet Med. 2022 Dec;209:105756. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105756. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
Endemic sheep and cattle diseases represent a constant strain and impact to animal health and welfare, the environment, public health, and the economy. Quantifying this impact helps to inform decisions on surveillance and control of livestock diseases. This systematic literature review had two objectives; to describe the economic impact of endemic sheep and cattle diseases in the United Kingdom using a broad conceptualisation of impact, and to investigate what variables (e.g. medication costs, loss of production) and methods are included in these calculations. The Prisma protocol for systematic literature reviews was followed. Searches were performed in Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science using selected and trialled search terms. A total of 1129 papers were identified and screened for relevancy; 38 papers were selected for full review extracting and analysing data on disease, impact and methods. From this final selection of papers it was found that; 1) research in this area is mainly focused on the dairy sub-sector, 2) the most mentioned diseases were mastitis and lameness in dairy cattle; bovine viral diarrhoea in beef cattle; and ectoparasites in sheep with reported animal-level costs of £ 77-£ 548/cow/year, £ 26-£ 185/bovine animal/year and £ 40-£ 47/ewe/year, respectively, 3) numerous methods and variables were used to calculate or estimate the economic impact with most studies focussing on the direct producer impacts and less on the wider implications and affected stakeholders; and 4) it was common for studies to look at one disease in isolation rather than consider disease impact on the farm as a whole. It is recommended that future economic impact calculations on livestock disease include wider implications to estimate the true cost of disease. To generate the necessary data, a wider, more inclusive conceptualisation of impact will be needed to support the collection of data and facilitate communication between stakeholders. Systematic health data recording combined with assessment calculations and metrics that allow comparability within or across livestock sub-sectors will increase the informative value of these impact calculations.
地方性绵羊和牛病对动物健康和福利、环境、公共卫生和经济构成持续的压力和影响。量化这种影响有助于为家畜疾病的监测和控制决策提供信息。本系统文献综述有两个目的；使用广泛的影响概念来描述英国地方性绵羊和牛病的经济影响，并研究这些计算中包含哪些变量（例如药物成本、生产损失）和方法。本研究遵循了系统文献综述的 Prisma 方案。使用选定和试用的搜索词在 Pubmed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中进行了搜索。共确定并筛选了 1129 篇论文以确定相关性；选择了 38 篇论文进行全面审查，提取并分析疾病、影响和方法的数据。从最终选择的论文中发现：1）该领域的研究主要集中在奶牛子行业；2）最常提到的疾病是奶牛乳腺炎和跛行；肉牛牛病毒性腹泻；以及绵羊的外寄生虫病，据报道，牛/年的动物成本为 77-548 英镑/头，牛/年的牛动物为 26-185 英镑/头，羊/年的羊为 40-47 英镑/只；3）用于计算或估计经济影响的方法和变量众多，大多数研究集中在直接生产者的影响上，而对更广泛的影响和受影响的利益相关者的关注较少；4）研究通常孤立地研究一种疾病，而不是考虑疾病对整个农场的影响。建议在对家畜疾病进行未来的经济影响计算时，应包括更广泛的影响，以估计疾病的真实成本。为了生成必要的数据，需要更广泛、更具包容性的影响概念化，以支持数据收集并促进利益相关者之间的沟通。系统健康数据记录结合评估计算和允许在牲畜子行业内部或之间进行比较的指标将提高这些影响计算的信息价值。
