Bennett R, Christiansen K, Clifton-Hadley R
Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, University of Reading, UK.
Prev Vet Med. 1999 Apr 9;39(3):155-71. doi: 10.1016/s0167-5877(99)00003-3.
Many 'economic' studies of livestock diseases in Great Britain have been carried out over time. Most studies have considered just one or two diseases and used a different methodology and valuation base from other studies, hampering any comparative assessment of the economic impact of diseases. A standardized methodology was applied to the estimation of the direct costs to livestock production of some 30 endemic diseases/conditions of farm animals in Great Britain. This involved identification of the livestock populations at risk, estimation of the annual incidence of each disease in these populations, identification of the range and incidence of physical effects of each disease on production, valuation of the physical effects of each disease and estimation of the financial value of output losses/resource wastage due to a disease and the costs of specific treatment and prevention measures. The wider economic impacts of disease (such as the implications for human health, animal welfare and markets) were not included in the assessments. Using this standardized methodology with common financial values, a simple spreadsheet model was constructed for each disease. Given the paucity of appropriate disease data for economic assessment, 'low' and 'high' values were used to reflect uncertainties surrounding key disease parameters. Preliminary estimates of the value of disease output losses/resource wastage, treatment and prevention costs are presented for each disease. Despite the limitations of the spreadsheet models and of the estimates derived from them, we conclude that the models represent a useful start in developing a system for the comparative economic assessment of livestock diseases in Great Britain.
长期以来，英国针对家畜疾病开展了许多“经济”研究。大多数研究仅考虑一两种疾病，且采用的方法和估值基础与其他研究不同，这妨碍了对疾病经济影响进行任何比较评估。一种标准化方法被应用于估算英国约30种家畜地方病/状况对家畜生产造成的直接成本。这包括确定受影响的家畜种群、估算这些种群中每种疾病的年发病率、确定每种疾病对生产的身体影响范围和发病率、对每种疾病的身体影响进行估值，以及估算因疾病导致的产出损失/资源浪费的财务价值以及特定治疗和预防措施的成本。疾病更广泛的经济影响（如对人类健康、动物福利和市场的影响）未纳入评估。利用这种具有共同财务价值的标准化方法，为每种疾病构建了一个简单的电子表格模型。鉴于用于经济评估的适当疾病数据匮乏，采用“低”值和“高”值来反映关键疾病参数的不确定性。文中给出了每种疾病的疾病产出损失/资源浪费价值、治疗和预防成本的初步估计。尽管电子表格模型及其得出的估计存在局限性，但我们得出结论，这些模型是在英国开发家畜疾病比较经济评估系统方面一个有益的开端。
