Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMJ Open. 2022 Nov 4;12(11):e059894. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059894.
Common mental disorders include anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms. These pose significant public health problems because of their serious effects on personal well-being, social and occupational functions. They also can affect the health and quality of life of people in adolescence, because this age group has been vulnerable to different factors. According to the American Psychiatry Association, more than 60% of adolescents fulfil the criteria for at least one common mental disorder. Despite the high burden of the disorders, there are limited studies in Ethiopia; therefore, this study provided the prevalence of common mental disorders among students in Ethiopia.
From 5 May to 30 May 2021, an institutional-based cross-sectional study was undertaken. Simple random sampling was used to select study participants from each class level across all high schools. A self-administered survey was used that included Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20, Oslo Social Support Scale-3 and other semistructured instruments for the screening of common mental disorders. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-Data V.4.6.0, then exported to SPSS V.20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. Adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were calculated and variables with a p value of <0.05 were considered as significantly associated with common mental disorders.
A total of 600 high school students were recruited with a response rate of 93.2%. The overall prevalence of common mental disorders among the participants was 181 (32.4%). Being female (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.93; 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.99), a family history of mental illness (AOR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.35), poor social support (AOR=3.14; 95% CI: 1.51 to 6.54), a history of non-physical sexual abuse (AOR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.62) and a history of physical sexual abuse (AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.29 to 4.59) were significantly associated with common mental disorders.
The prevalence of common mental disorders was 32.4% among students; therefore, it is recommended facilitating institutional-based intervention services in the school to decrease the contributing factors for the common mental disorders.
常见精神障碍包括焦虑、抑郁和躯体症状。由于它们对个人幸福感、社会和职业功能的严重影响，这些问题构成了重大的公共卫生问题。它们还会影响青少年的健康和生活质量，因为这一年龄组易受到各种因素的影响。根据美国精神病学协会的数据，超过 60%的青少年符合至少一种常见精神障碍的标准。尽管这些障碍负担沉重，但在埃塞俄比亚的研究有限；因此，本研究提供了埃塞俄比亚学生中常见精神障碍的患病率。
2021 年 5 月 5 日至 30 日，进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样，从所有高中的每个班级水平中选择研究参与者。使用自我报告问卷 20、奥斯陆社会支持量表 3 和其他半结构化仪器进行常见精神障碍筛查。数据经过检查、编码并输入 Epi-Data V.4.6.0，然后导出到 SPSS V.20 进行分析。进行了单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定与常见精神障碍相关的因素。计算了具有 95%置信区间的调整比值比（OR），并认为具有 p 值 <0.05 的变量与常见精神障碍显著相关。
共招募了 600 名高中生，应答率为 93.2%。参与者中常见精神障碍的总体患病率为 181 人（32.4%）。女性（调整比值比（AOR）=1.93；95%置信区间：1.27 至 2.99）、精神病史（AOR=2.23；95%置信区间：1.15 至 4.35）、社会支持差（AOR=3.14；95%置信区间：1.51 至 6.54）、非身体性性虐待史（AOR=2.09；95%置信区间：1.21 至 3.62）和身体性性虐待史（AOR=2.43；95%置信区间：1.29 至 4.59）与常见精神障碍显著相关。
学生中常见精神障碍的患病率为 32.4%；因此，建议在学校提供基于机构的干预服务，以减少常见精神障碍的促成因素。
