Graduating Program in Computation Engineering Systems, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, 65000-000, Brazil.
Graduating Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal Institute of Paraiba, João Pessoa, 58135-000, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 4;12(1):18654. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21733-z.
In this work, it is proposed the development a new monopole directional antenna, bioinspired in elliptical leaf, with cut by golden ratio, for 4G band application, by the use of the technique of the cut of the radiating element for the increasing of the antenna perimeter, being the first work to use this technique in a bioinspired antenna, promotes resonance frequency turned, and reconfiguring of the antenna parameters as bandwidth, radiation pattern and gain, with the use of the reflector near to the group plane, without the insertion of active devices as the pin diode or change in radiating element. The shape antenna is generated by Gielis formula, built in FR4 substrate, with cuts calculated by golden ratio. To compare the results of the bioinspired monopole on the elliptical sheet, a square-shaped monopole antenna was designed, simulated and measured, the structures were designed in the MATLAB software version 2015(b) and the simulations were performed in the Ansys software version 2016. In the results compared between the square monopole and the bioinspired antenna in the elliptical sheet, it can be seen that the measured bioinspired antenna, compared to the square monopole, presented a bandwidth reduction of 77.27%, a more compact structure, with a reduction of 98%, covering the wireless local area network, and long-time evolution 4G at 2.5 GHz. The proposed technique uses a reflector on the ground plane, to change the parameters of the monopole planar antenna, of omnidirectional radiation pattern to a directional, maintaining the characteristics of the broadband, half-power beamwidth great than 100°, with high current density, and similar gain of a directional antenna. From the results, it has been observed that the elliptical leaf monopole antenna shows broadband characteristics, with a half-power beamwidth of 128°, wideband, the bandwidth of 500 MHz, a gain of 6.28 dBi, a current density of 13.01 A/m, and circular polarization.
在这项工作中，提出了一种新的单极定向天线的开发，灵感来自于椭圆形叶片，采用黄金比例切割，用于 4G 频段应用，通过使用辐射元件切割技术来增加天线周长，这是首次在仿生天线中使用这种技术，促进了天线参数的共振频率转变和重新配置，如带宽、辐射方向图和增益，同时使用近群平面的反射器，无需插入有源器件，如 PIN 二极管或改变辐射元件。天线的形状由吉列斯公式生成，构建在 FR4 基板上，采用黄金比例切割计算。为了比较椭圆形薄片上仿生单极天线的结果，设计、模拟和测量了一个方形单极天线，结构在 MATLAB 软件版本 2015(b)中设计，仿真在 Ansys 软件版本 2016 中进行。在方形单极天线和椭圆形薄片上的仿生天线的结果比较中，可以看出，与方形单极天线相比，测量的仿生天线的带宽降低了 77.27%，结构更加紧凑，降低了 98%，覆盖了无线局域网和长期演进 4G 的 2.5GHz。所提出的技术在接地平面上使用反射器来改变平面单极天线的参数，从全向辐射模式到定向模式，同时保持宽带、半功率波束宽度大于 100°、高电流密度和类似定向天线增益的特点。从结果中可以看出，椭圆形叶片单极天线具有宽带特性，半功率波束宽度为 128°，带宽为 500MHz，增益为 6.28dBi，电流密度为 13.01A/m，并且具有圆极化。
