在干涸湖泊附近收集的雾化水性粉尘提取物引发急性嗜中性粒细胞性肺部炎症，类似于微生物先天免疫配体。
Aerosolized aqueous dust extracts collected near a drying lake trigger acute neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation reminiscent of microbial innate immune ligands.
作者信息
Biddle Trevor A, Yisrael Keziyah, Drover Ryan, Li Qi, Maltz Mia R, Topacio Talyssa M, Yu Jasmine, Del Castillo Diana, Gonzales Daniel, Freund Hannah L, Swenson Mark P, Shapiro Malia L, Botthoff Jon K, Aronson Emma, Cocker David R, Lo David D
机构信息
Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA; BREATHE Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Center for Health Disparities Research, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 1;858(Pt 3):159882. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159882. Epub 2022 Nov 2.
BACKGROUND
A high incidence of asthma is prevalent among residents near the Salton Sea, a large inland terminal lake in southern California. This arid region has high levels of ambient particulate matter (PM); yet while high PM levels are often associated with asthma in many environments, it is possible that the rapidly retreating lake, and exposed playa or lakebed, may contribute components with a specific role in promoting asthma symptoms.
OBJECTIVES
Our hypothesis is that asthma may be higher in residents closest to the Salton Sea due to chronic exposures to playa dust. Playa emissions may be concentrating dissolved material from the lake, with microbial components capable of inducing pulmonary innate immune responses. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of aerosol exposures to assess the effects of playa dust.
METHODS
From dust collected around the Salton Sea region, aqueous extracts were used to generate aerosols, which were injected into an environmental chamber for mouse exposure studies. We compared the effects of exposure to Salton Sea aerosols, as well as to known immunostimulatory reference materials. Acute 48-h and chronic 7-day exposures were compared, with lungs analyzed for inflammatory cell recruitment and gene expression.
RESULTS
Dust from sites nearest to the Salton Sea triggered lung neutrophil inflammation that was stronger at 48-h but reduced at 7-days. This acute inflammatory profile and kinetics resembled the response to innate immune ligands LTA and LPS while distinct from the classic allergic response to Alternaria.
CONCLUSION
Lung inflammatory responses to Salton Sea dusts are similar to acute innate immune responses, raising the possibility that microbial components are entrained in the dust, promoting inflammation. This effect highlights the health risks at drying terminal lakes from inflammatory components in dust emissions from exposed lakebed.
背景
加利福尼亚州南部的大型内陆终点湖索尔顿海附近的居民中哮喘发病率很高。这个干旱地区的大气颗粒物（PM）水平很高；然而，尽管在许多环境中高PM水平通常与哮喘有关，但迅速退缩的湖泊以及裸露的干盐湖或湖床可能会释放出在促进哮喘症状方面具有特定作用的成分。
目的
我们的假设是，由于长期接触干盐湖尘埃，最靠近索尔顿海的居民中哮喘发病率可能更高。干盐湖排放物可能会浓缩来自湖泊的溶解物质，其中的微生物成分能够诱导肺部先天性免疫反应。为了验证这一假设，我们使用了气溶胶暴露小鼠模型来评估干盐湖尘埃的影响。
方法
从索尔顿海地区收集的灰尘中提取水提取物，用于生成气溶胶，然后将其注入环境舱进行小鼠暴露研究。我们比较了暴露于索尔顿海气溶胶以及已知免疫刺激参考物质的影响。比较了急性48小时和慢性7天暴露的情况，并对肺部进行了炎症细胞募集和基因表达分析。
结果
最靠近索尔顿海地区的灰尘引发了肺部中性粒细胞炎症，在48小时时炎症更强，但在7天时有所减轻。这种急性炎症特征和动力学类似于对先天性免疫配体LTA和LPS的反应，而与对链格孢的经典过敏反应不同。
结论
肺部对索尔顿海灰尘的炎症反应类似于急性先天性免疫反应，这增加了灰尘中携带微生物成分从而促进炎症的可能性。这种影响凸显了干涸终点湖因裸露湖床灰尘排放中的炎症成分而带来的健康风险。
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