Kaartinen Niina E, Tapanainen Heli, Maukonen Mirkka, Päivärinta Essi, Valsta Liisa M, Itkonen Suvi T, Pajari Anne-Maria, Männistö Satu
Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Public Health Nutr. 2023 Feb;26(2):303-314. doi: 10.1017/S1368980022002440. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
The shift towards plant-based diets with less meat and more legumes is a global target and requires an understanding of the consequences of dietary adequacy on the population level. Our aim was to model the impact of partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes on nutrient intakes and population shares below dietary reference intakes.
Modelling study with three scenarios anchored in meat cut-offs: ≤ 70 g/d (Finnish dietary guideline); ≤ 50 g/d (Danish dietary guideline); ≤ 30 g/d (EAT-Lancet recommendation). In all subjects, the amount of meat in grams over the cut-off was replaced with the same amount of legumes. The SPADE method was used to model usual intake distributions. Meaningful differences in average intakes and in population shares below dietary reference intakes compared to the reference (FinDiet) were evaluated based on non-overlapping 95 % CI.
Finnish national food consumption survey (FinDiet 2017).
Finnish adults ( 1655) aged18-74 years (47 % men).
The scenarios introduced increases in the average intakes of fibre, folate, K, Mg, Cu and Fe, and decreases in intakes of saturated fat, niacin, vitamin B, Se and Zn. Meaningful shifts of the usual intake distributions of fibre and folate towards improvement in intakes emerged already in 'scenario 70 g'. Overall, distribution shifts towards a higher probability of inadequate intakes of the studied nutrients were not observed.
These results support the public health message to partly replace meat with legumes and may benefit nutrition policy actions towards sustainable diets in the Nordic countries and beyond.
向减少肉类摄入、增加豆类摄入的植物性饮食转变是一项全球目标，这需要了解饮食充足性在人群层面的影响。我们的目的是模拟用豆类部分替代红肉和加工肉类对营养摄入量以及低于膳食参考摄入量的人群比例的影响。
基于肉类摄入量上限进行三种情景的建模研究：≤70克/天（芬兰饮食指南）；≤50克/天（丹麦饮食指南）；≤30克/天（《柳叶刀-饮食与健康》建议）。在所有受试者中，超过摄入量上限的肉类克数被等量的豆类所替代。使用SPADE方法对通常摄入量分布进行建模。基于不重叠的95%置信区间，评估与参考值（芬兰饮食）相比，平均摄入量以及低于膳食参考摄入量的人群比例的显著差异。
芬兰全国食品消费调查（2017年芬兰饮食调查）。
1655名年龄在18 - 74岁的芬兰成年人（男性占47%）。
这些情景导致纤维、叶酸、钾、镁、铜和铁的平均摄入量增加，饱和脂肪、烟酸、维生素B、硒和锌的摄入量减少。在“70克情景”中，纤维和叶酸的通常摄入量分布就已出现朝着摄入量改善的显著变化。总体而言，未观察到所研究营养素摄入量不足概率更高的分布变化。
这些结果支持用豆类部分替代肉类的公共卫生信息，可能有益于北欧国家及其他地区针对可持续饮食的营养政策行动。
