Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi'', University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2022 Oct 24;27(10):288. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2710288.
Vitamin D is essential for the regulation of the immune system. In recent years, the role of vitamin D in the control of several autoimmune conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and others has been investigated. The aim of this review was to define the level of knowledge on vitamin D's role in these disorders, as well as the preventive and therapeutic role of vitamin D supplementation. Relevant studies published over the last 20 years were identified via a PubMed/Medline (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) search using the keywords: vitamin D, autoimmune disease, and prevention. Vitamin D deficiency or impaired function of the enzymes necessary for its activity has been shown to affect the onset and severity of the autoimmune diseases examined. Vitamin D supplementation appears useful in the support therapy of IBD. Its role in celiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, T1DM, and autoimmune thyroiditis is unclear. In conclusion, further studies are needed to define whether vitamin D is a cause or a result of the most common autoimmune, extra-skeletal diseases, such as IBD. Vitamin D should be provided to all newborns during their first year of life. Afterwards, the vitamin D supplementation regimen should be tailored to the presence of risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and/or specific disease.
维生素 D 对于免疫系统的调节至关重要。近年来，人们研究了维生素 D 在控制几种自身免疫性疾病（如炎症性肠病 (IBD)、乳糜泻、1 型糖尿病 (T1DM) 等）中的作用。本综述旨在确定人们对维生素 D 在这些疾病中的作用的了解程度，以及维生素 D 补充的预防和治疗作用。通过在 PubMed/Medline（http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/）上使用关键词：维生素 D、自身免疫性疾病和预防，搜索过去 20 年发表的相关研究。研究表明，维生素 D 缺乏或其活性所需的酶功能受损会影响所检查的自身免疫性疾病的发病和严重程度。维生素 D 补充似乎对 IBD 的支持治疗有用。其在乳糜泻、自身免疫性肝炎、T1DM 和自身免疫性甲状腺炎中的作用尚不清楚。总之，需要进一步研究来确定维生素 D 是 IBD 等最常见的非骨骼自身免疫性疾病的原因还是结果。应在新生儿生命的第一年为所有新生儿提供维生素 D。之后，应根据维生素 D 缺乏和/或特定疾病的危险因素存在情况，定制维生素 D 补充方案。
