Elkins Cody, Li Chaoran
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Immunometabolism (Cobham). 2022 Nov 1;4(4):e00013. doi: 10.1097/IN9.0000000000000013. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Since their discovery over a decade ago, much has been learned regarding the importance and function of visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-resident regulatory T cells (Tregs). VAT Tregs play a critical role in controlling VAT inflammation and alleviating metabolic disease. However, this population is disrupted in obesity which exacerbates VAT inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. Therefore, understanding the factors governing the accumulation and maintenance of VAT Tregs, both at steady state and under disease conditions, is crucial for identifying the mechanisms underlying obesity-associated metabolic disease and developing novel therapies. Expansion and maintenance of the VAT Treg compartment is strongly influenced by factors in the local tissue microenvironment, including cytokines, T-cell receptor ligands, hormones, and various metabolites. This mini-review will primarily focus on recent advances in our understandings regarding the regulation of mouse epididymal VAT (eVAT) Tregs, which are the most thoroughly characterized VAT Treg population, by tissue microenvironmental factors and cellular metabolic processes. We will also briefly discuss the limited knowledge available regarding the regulation of mouse ovarian VAT (oVAT) Tregs and human omental VAT Tregs, highlight some lingering questions, and provide a prospective view on where the field is heading.
自十多年前被发现以来，关于内脏脂肪组织（VAT）驻留调节性T细胞（Tregs）的重要性和功能，人们已经了解了很多。VAT Tregs在控制VAT炎症和缓解代谢疾病方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在肥胖状态下，这群细胞会受到破坏，进而加剧VAT炎症和代谢异常。因此，了解在稳态和疾病状态下控制VAT Tregs积累和维持的因素，对于确定肥胖相关代谢疾病的潜在机制以及开发新疗法至关重要。VAT Treg区室的扩增和维持受到局部组织微环境中多种因素的强烈影响，这些因素包括细胞因子、T细胞受体配体、激素和各种代谢产物。本综述将主要聚焦于我们对小鼠附睾VAT（eVAT）Tregs调控的最新认识进展，附睾VAT Tregs是特征最明确的VAT Treg群体，受组织微环境因素和细胞代谢过程的调控。我们还将简要讨论关于小鼠卵巢VAT（oVAT）Tregs和人类网膜VAT Tregs调控的有限知识，突出一些悬而未决的问题，并对该领域的发展方向提供前瞻性观点。
