de Souza Simone Ribeiro, Campos Vicente Paulo, de Paula Letícia Lopes, Pedroso Marcio Pozzobon, Terra Willian César
Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
J Nematol. 2022 Sep 14;54(1):20220031. doi: 10.2478/jofnem-2022-0031. eCollection 2022 Feb.
As a result of more restrictive legislation regarding the use of pesticides, over the last two decades, the demand for new soil fumigants has increased. These compounds can come from a variety of sources, including organic residues. In this study, we identified in the cassava wastewater volatiloma a molecule with potential to be developed as a new fumigant nematicide. Cassava wastewater (20 mL) releases volatile compounds toxic to second-stage juveniles (J2), causing J2 mortality up to 89%. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, eight compounds were identified in the cassava wastewater volatiloma, with alcohols being the major class. The compounds ethyl butanoate and butyric acid identified in cassava wastewater volatiloma were selected for nematicidal activities and substrate fumigation tests. The lethal concentration predicted LC values (effective doses to kill 50% of J2 population after 48 h of exposure) were 172.6 μg ∙ mL and 301.2 μg ∙ mL for butyric acid and ethyl butanoate, respectively. In a pot assay, the application of butyric acid and ethyl butanoate as a soil fumigant, at a dose of 0.5 mL ∙ kg substrate, significantly ( < 0.05) decreased infectivity and reproduction compared to the negative control (water). However, ethyl butanoate proved to be a more efficient soil fumigant ( < 0.05) than butyric acid, as its application reduced the number of galls and eggs to the level of the commercial fumigant Dazomet. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of ethyl butanoate as a soil fumigant against .
由于有关农药使用的立法更加严格，在过去二十年中，对新型土壤熏蒸剂的需求有所增加。这些化合物可以来自多种来源，包括有机残留物。在本研究中，我们在木薯废水中鉴定出一种有潜力开发为新型熏蒸杀线虫剂的分子。木薯废水（20毫升）释放出对第二阶段幼虫（J2）有毒的挥发性化合物，导致J2死亡率高达89%。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪，在木薯废水挥发物中鉴定出八种化合物，其中醇类是主要类别。在木薯废水挥发物中鉴定出的丁酸乙酯和丁酸被选用于杀线虫活性和基质熏蒸试验。预测的致死浓度LC值（暴露48小时后杀死50% J2群体的有效剂量），丁酸和丁酸乙酯分别为172.6微克∙毫升和301.2微克∙毫升。在盆栽试验中，以0.5毫升∙千克基质的剂量施用丁酸和丁酸乙酯作为土壤熏蒸剂，与阴性对照（水）相比，显著（P<0.05）降低了感染性和繁殖率。然而，丁酸乙酯被证明是比丁酸更有效的土壤熏蒸剂（P<0.05），因为其施用将虫瘿和虫卵数量降低到了商业熏蒸剂棉隆的水平。本研究首次证明了丁酸乙酯作为土壤熏蒸剂防治[此处原文缺失具体防治对象]的潜力。
