James Carl A, Willmott Ashley G B, Dhawan Aishwar, Stewart Craig, Gibson Oliver R
Institut Sukan Negara (National Sports Institute), National Sports Complex, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK.
Temperature (Austin). 2021 Dec 16;9(4):357-372. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1997535. eCollection 2022.
This study investigated the effect of heat stress on locomotor activity within international field hockey at team, positional and playing-quarter levels. Analysis was conducted on 71 matches played by the Malaysia national men's team against 24 opponents. Fixtures were assigned to match conditions, based on air temperature [COOL (14 ± 3°C), WARM (24 ± 1°C), HOT (27 ± 1°C), or VHOT (32 ± 2°C), p < 0.001]. Relationships between locomotor metrics and air temperature (AIR), absolute and relative humidity, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) were investigated further using correlation and regression analyses. Increased AIR and WBGT revealed similar correlations (p < 0.01) with intensity metrics; high-speed running (AIR = -0.51, WBGT = -0.45), average speed (AIR = -0.48, WBGT = -0.46), decelerations (AIR = -0.41, WBGT = -0.41), sprinting efforts (AIR = -0.40, WBGT = -0.36), and sprinting distance (AIR = -0.37, WBGT = -0.29). In comparison to COOL, HOT, and VHOT matches demonstrated reduced high-speed running intensity (-14-17%; < 0.001), average speed (-5-6%; < 0.001), sprinting efforts (-17%; = 0.010) and decelerations per min (-12%; = 0.008). Interactions were found between match conditions and playing quarter for average speed (+4-7%; = 0.002) and sprinting distance (+16-36%; < 0.001), both of which were higher in the fourth quarter in COOL WARM, HOT and VHOT. There was an interaction for "low-speed" ( < 0.001), but not for "high-speed" running ( = 0.076) demonstrating the modulating effect of air temperature (particularly >25°C) on pacing within international hockey. These are the first data demonstrating the effect of air temperature on locomotor activity within international men's hockey, notably that increased air temperature impairs high-intensity activities by 5-15%. Higher air temperatures compromise high-speed running distances between matches in hockey.
本研究调查了热应激对国际曲棍球比赛中团队、位置和比赛节次水平的运动活动的影响。对马来西亚国家男子曲棍球队与24个对手进行的71场比赛进行了分析。根据气温[凉爽（14±3°C）、温暖（24±1°C）、炎热（27±1°C）或极热（32±2°C），p<0.001]将比赛安排到相应的比赛条件中。使用相关性和回归分析进一步研究了运动指标与气温（AIR）、绝对湿度和相对湿度以及湿球黑球温度（WBGT）之间的关系。AIR和WBGT升高与强度指标显示出相似的相关性（p<0.01）；高速奔跑（AIR=-0.51，WBGT=-0.45）、平均速度（AIR=-0.48，WBGT=-0.46）、减速（AIR=-0.41，WBGT=-0.41）、冲刺次数（AIR=-0.40，WBGT=-0.36）和冲刺距离（AIR=-0.37，WBGT=-0.29）。与凉爽比赛相比，炎热和极热比赛的高速奔跑强度降低（-14 - 17%；p<0.001）、平均速度降低（-5 - 6%；p<0.001）、冲刺次数降低（-17%；p = 0.010）和每分钟减速次数降低（-12%；p = 0.008）。发现比赛条件与比赛节次之间存在交互作用，表现为平均速度（+4 - 7%；p = 0.002）和冲刺距离（+16 - 36%；p<0.001），在凉爽、温暖、炎热和极热比赛的第四节中两者均更高。“低速”存在交互作用（p<0.001），但“高速”奔跑不存在交互作用（p = 0.076），这表明气温（特别是>25°C）对国际曲棍球比赛中的节奏有调节作用。这些是首批证明气温对国际男子曲棍球运动活动有影响的数据，特别是气温升高会使高强度活动受损5 - 15%。较高的气温会影响曲棍球比赛之间的高速奔跑距离。
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