Mehta Aashna, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Yarlagadda Rohan, Kalmanovich Jacob, Huang Helen, Kundu Mrinmoy, Nansubuga Esther Patience, Lopes Leilani, Ghosh Bikona, Hasan Mohammad Mehedi
University of Debrecen-Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Dec;84:104806. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104806. Epub 2022 Oct 31.
COVID-19 is a contagious viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). One of the key features of COVID-19 infection is inflammation. There is increasing evidence pointing to an association between cytokine storm and autoimmunity. One autoimmune disease of interest in connection to COVID-19 is hyperthyroidism. COVID-19 has been shown to decrease TSH levels and induce thyrotoxicosis, destructive thyroiditis, and de novo Graves' disease. It has also been suggested that the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 antigens following vaccination can cross-react through a mechanism called molecular mimicry which can elicit autoimmune reactivity, potentially leading to potential thyroid disease post vaccine. However, if the COVID-19 vaccine is linked to reduced COVID-19 related serious disease, it could potentially play a protective role against post COVID-19 hyperthyroidism (de novo disease and exacerbations). Further studies investigating the complex interplay between COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccine and thyroid dysfunction can help provide substantial evidence and potential therapeutic targets that can alter prognosis and improve COVID-19 related outcomes in individuals with or without preexisting thyroid disease.
新冠病毒病（COVID-19）是一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（Sars-CoV-2）引起的传染性病毒感染。COVID-19感染的关键特征之一是炎症。越来越多的证据表明细胞因子风暴与自身免疫之间存在关联。与COVID-19相关的一种自身免疫性疾病是甲状腺功能亢进症。已表明COVID-19会降低促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平，并诱发甲状腺毒症、破坏性甲状腺炎和新发格雷夫斯病。也有人提出，接种疫苗后针对Sars-CoV-2抗原的免疫反应可通过一种称为分子模拟的机制发生交叉反应，从而引发自身免疫反应，可能导致接种疫苗后出现潜在的甲状腺疾病。然而，如果COVID-19疫苗与降低COVID-19相关的严重疾病有关，那么它可能对COVID-19后甲状腺功能亢进症（新发疾病和病情加重）起到保护作用。进一步研究COVID-19或COVID-19疫苗与甲状腺功能障碍之间的复杂相互作用，有助于提供大量证据和潜在的治疗靶点，从而改变预后并改善患有或未患有甲状腺疾病的个体的COVID-19相关结局。
