Jafarbeigi Ehsan, Ahmadi Yaser, Mansouri Mohsen, Ayatollahi Shahab
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran, P.O. Box 69315/516.
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 1458889694.
ACS Omega. 2022 Oct 17;7(43):39107-39121. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04868. eCollection 2022 Nov 1.
Generally, crude oil production in mature oil reservoirs is difficult. In this regard, some nanoparticles have been used to upgrade injected water into oil reservoirs. These nanoparticles can be used in a variety of injectable waters, including smart water (SMW) with special salinity. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the injection of SMW with ZnO-γAlO nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The performance of SMW with ZnO-γAlO nanoparticles in regard to contact angle (CA), interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, and oil production with core flooding tests was investigated. The newly prepared ZnO-γAlO structure was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses in this research. The effects of different concentrations of nanofluids on zeta potential (ZP) and conductivity were investigated. The ZP test confirmed the results of the stability tests of the developed nanofluids in water-based solutions. After the introduction of ZnO-γAlO nanoparticles into the formation of brine and SMW solutions, oil-water (O/W) IFT was reduced. Based on the results, the IFT decreased more when nanoparticles and ions were present in the system. The results of the present study showed that at the concentration of SW+300 ppm ZnO-γAlO, the IFT value reached 11 mN/m from 27.24 mN/m. The results of the CA tests showed that improving the capabilities of salt water in the presence of nanoparticles has resulted in a very effective reduction. Also, in this regard, very hydrophilic wettability was achieved using SMW with stable nanoparticles. Moreover, the results of the present study showed that at the concentration of SMW+300 ppm ZnO-γAlO nanoparticles, the CA value reached 31 from 161°. In the end, the solution of SW+300 ppm ZnO-γAlO improved the OR by 15 and 24%. This research indicated that it is possible to develop and implement different nanoparticles by combining SMW to manage reservoir rock wettability and maximize OR from carbonate reservoirs. Thus, this combination as an effective agent could significantly increase reservoir sweep efficiency. Thus, as a result, using the established hybrid technique has distinct advantages over using SMW flooding alone.
一般来说，成熟油藏的原油开采难度较大。在这方面，一些纳米颗粒已被用于将注入油藏的水进行升级。这些纳米颗粒可用于多种注入水，包括具有特殊盐度的智能水（SMW）。本研究旨在评估在提高采收率（EOR）过程中注入含ZnO-γAlO纳米颗粒的SMW的性能。通过岩心驱替试验研究了含ZnO-γAlO纳米颗粒的SMW在接触角（CA）、界面张力（IFT）降低以及产油方面的性能。在本研究中，通过能量色散X射线（EDX）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析对新制备的ZnO-γAlO结构进行了表征。研究了不同浓度的纳米流体对zeta电位（ZP）和电导率的影响。ZP测试证实了所开发的纳米流体在水基溶液中的稳定性测试结果。将ZnO-γAlO纳米颗粒引入盐水和SMW溶液体系后，油水（O/W）界面张力降低。结果表明，当体系中同时存在纳米颗粒和离子时，IFT降低得更多。本研究结果表明，在SW + 300 ppm ZnO-γAlO浓度下，IFT值从27.24 mN/m降至11 mN/m。CA测试结果表明，在纳米颗粒存在的情况下提高盐水的性能导致了非常有效的降低。同样，在这方面，使用含有稳定纳米颗粒的SMW实现了非常亲水的润湿性。此外，本研究结果表明，在SMW + 300 ppm ZnO-γAlO纳米颗粒浓度下，CA值从161°降至31°。最后，SW + 300 ppm ZnO-γAlO溶液使采收率提高了15%和24%。本研究表明，通过将SMW与不同纳米颗粒结合来控制储层岩石润湿性并使碳酸盐岩储层的采收率最大化是可行的。因此，这种组合作为一种有效剂可显著提高储层波及效率。因此，与单独使用SMW驱替相比，使用既定的混合技术具有明显优势。
