Metaxas Georgios I, Tsiambas Evangelos, Marinopoulos Spyridon, Spyropoulou Despoina, Manaios Loukas, Adamopoulou Maria, Falidas Evangelos, Peschos Dimitrios, Kalkani Helen, Dimitrakakis Constantine
Breast Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Department of Cytology, 417 VA (NIMTS) Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Cancer Diagn Progn. 2022 Nov 3;2(6):603-608. doi: 10.21873/cdp.10149. eCollection 2022 Nov-Dec.
Breast adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of death in females worldwide. A broad spectrum of genetic and epigenetic alterations has been already identified and reported in millions of examined cancerous substrates, evidence of a high-level genomic heterogeneity that characterizes these malignancies. Concerning epigenetic changes and imbalances that critically affect progression and prognosis in the corresponding patients, DNA methylation, histone modifications (acetylation), micro-RNAs (miRs) alterations and chromatin re-organization represent the main mechanisms. Referring to DNA methylation, promoter hyper-hypo methylation in critical tumour suppressor and oncogenes is implicated in normal epithelia transformation to their neoplastic and finally malignant cyto-phenotypes. The current review is focused on the different methylation patterns and mechanisms detected in breast adenocarcinoma and their impact on the corresponding groups of patient response to specific chemotherapeutic regimens and life span prognosis.
乳腺腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因。在数百万已检测的癌性样本中，已经鉴定并报道了广泛的基因和表观遗传改变，这证明了这些恶性肿瘤具有高度的基因组异质性。关于严重影响相应患者病情进展和预后的表观遗传变化和失衡，DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰（乙酰化）、微小RNA（miRs）改变和染色质重组是主要机制。关于DNA甲基化，关键肿瘤抑制基因和癌基因的启动子高甲基化和低甲基化与正常上皮细胞向肿瘤细胞以及最终恶性细胞表型的转化有关。本综述聚焦于在乳腺腺癌中检测到的不同甲基化模式和机制，以及它们对相应患者群体对特定化疗方案的反应和寿命预后的影响。
