Phillips H N, Sharpe K T, Endres M I, Heins B J
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN 56267.
JDS Commun. 2021 Oct 22;3(1):49-54. doi: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0138. eCollection 2022 Jan.
White willow bark (WWB) is commonly used in combination with other medicinal herbs and analgesics to alleviate inflammatory pain in disbudded calves under organic management, but there is no evidence to confirm an effect of WWB on inflammatory biomarkers in calves. The objective of this study was to determine whether WWB affects the inflammatory biomarker prostaglandin E (PGE) in healthy dairy calves. A randomized crossover trial with 2 periods and 5 treatments was used for this experiment. A 7-d washout period was used to minimize carryover effects. The treatments were (1) 57.6 mg/kg oral WWB (low dose; L-WWB), (2) 115.1 mg/kg oral WWB (medium dose; M-WWB), (3) 230.3 mg/kg oral WWB (high dose; H-WWB), (4) 2.2 mg/kg i.v. flunixin meglumine (FM), or (5) no treatment (NT). Calves (n = 25) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 25 treatment sequences. Blood samples were collected at 1, 2, and 4 h after administration to determine PGE and salicylic acid plasma concentrations. The WWB had 2,171 μg/g (± 4.3% relative standard error) salicin (0.22%). On average, calves in the FM (721 ± 274 pg/mL) treatment had lower PGE than calves in all other treatments. Calves in the NT (2,606 ± 271 pg/mL), L-WWB (2,509 ± 276 pg/mL), M-WWB (2,343 ± 270 pg/mL), and H-WWB (3,039 ± 270 pg/mL) treatments had similar PGE averaged across sampling times. Calves in the L-WWB (23.4 ± 1.9 ng/mL), M-WWB (21.5 ± 1.9 ng/mL), and H-WWB (23.3 ± 1.9 ng/mL) treatments had similar maximum salicylic acid plasma concentrations. Results from this study indicate that the WWB doses used in this experiment were ineffective at achieving dose-dependent PGE and salicylic acid plasma concentration responses.
白柳树皮（WWB）通常与其他草药和镇痛药联合使用，以缓解有机管理下断角犊牛的炎性疼痛，但尚无证据证实WWB对犊牛炎症生物标志物有影响。本研究的目的是确定WWB是否会影响健康奶牛犊牛的炎症生物标志物前列腺素E（PGE）。本实验采用了一个有2个阶段和5种处理的随机交叉试验。采用7天的洗脱期以尽量减少残留效应。处理方式为：（1）口服57.6 mg/kg WWB（低剂量；L-WWB），（2）口服115.1 mg/kg WWB（中剂量；M-WWB），（3）口服230.3 mg/kg WWB（高剂量；H-WWB），（4）静脉注射2.2 mg/kg氟尼辛葡甲胺（FM），或（5）不处理（NT）。犊牛（n = 25）被随机分配接受25种处理顺序中的一种。给药后1、2和4小时采集血样，以测定PGE和水杨酸的血浆浓度。WWB含2171μg/g（相对标准误差±4.3%）水杨苷（0.22%）。平均而言，FM处理组（721±274 pg/mL）的犊牛PGE低于所有其他处理组的犊牛。NT处理组（2606±271 pg/mL）、L-WWB处理组（2509±276 pg/mL）、M-WWB处理组（2343±270 pg/mL）和H-WWB处理组（3039±270 pg/mL）的犊牛在各采样时间的平均PGE相似。L-WWB处理组（23.4±1.9 ng/mL）、M-WWB处理组（21.5±1.9 ng/mL）和H-WWB处理组（23.3±1.9 ng/mL）的犊牛水杨酸血浆最大浓度相似。本研究结果表明，本实验中使用的WWB剂量在实现剂量依赖性PGE和水杨酸血浆浓度反应方面无效。
