Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear Institute, The Ohio State University, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, the Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Hear Res. 2022 Dec;426:108643. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108643. Epub 2022 Oct 28.
Cochlear implants (CIs) provide acoustic information to implanted patients by electrically stimulating nearby auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) which then transmit the information to higher-level neural structures for further processing and interpretation. Computational models that simulate ANF responses to CI stimuli enable the exploration of the mechanisms underlying CI performance beyond the capacity of in vivo experimentation alone. However, all ANF models developed to date utilize to some extent anatomical/morphometric data, biophysical properties and/or physiological data measured in non-human animal models. This review compares response properties of the electrically stimulated auditory nerve (AN) in human listeners and different mammalian models. Properties of AN responses to single pulse stimulation, paired-pulse stimulation, and pulse-train stimulation are presented. While some AN response properties are similar between human listeners and animal models (e.g., increased AN sensitivity to single pulse stimuli with long interphase gaps), there are some significant differences. For example, the AN of most animal models is typically more sensitive to cathodic stimulation while the AN of human listeners is generally more sensitive to anodic stimulation. Additionally, there are substantial differences in the speed of recovery from neural adaptation between animal models and human listeners. Therefore, results from animal models cannot be simply translated to human listeners. Recognizing the differences in responses of the AN to electrical stimulation between humans and other mammals is an important step for creating ANF models that are more applicable to various human CI patient populations.
人工耳蜗（CI）通过电刺激附近的听神经纤维（ANF）向植入患者提供声学信息，然后将信息传输到更高层次的神经结构进行进一步处理和解释。模拟 ANF 对 CI 刺激反应的计算模型能够探索 CI 性能背后的机制，而不仅仅是依靠体内实验的能力。然而，迄今为止开发的所有 ANF 模型都在某种程度上利用了解剖学/形态计量学数据、生物物理特性和/或在非人类动物模型中测量的生理数据。这篇综述比较了人类听力者和不同哺乳动物模型中电刺激听觉神经（AN）的反应特性。介绍了单脉冲刺激、双脉冲刺激和脉冲串刺激对 AN 反应的特性。虽然 AN 对单脉冲刺激的反应特性在人类听力者和动物模型之间有些相似（例如，随着相间间隔的增加，AN 对单脉冲刺激的敏感性增加），但也存在一些显著差异。例如，大多数动物模型的 AN 通常对阴极刺激更敏感，而人类听力者的 AN 通常对阳极刺激更敏感。此外，动物模型和人类听力者之间从神经适应中恢复的速度存在很大差异。因此，动物模型的结果不能简单地转化为人类听力者。认识到人类和其他哺乳动物的 AN 对电刺激的反应差异是创建更适用于各种人类 CI 患者群体的 ANF 模型的重要步骤。
