Dinesen Sofie, El-Faitarouni Alisar, Dalgaard Louise T
Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde, Denmark.
J Endocrinol. 2022 Dec 13;256(1). doi: 10.1530/JOE-22-0170. Print 2023 Jan 1.
Different types of small non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, may be found in the circulation, either protein-bound or enclosed in extracellular vesicles. During gestation, and particularly during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the levels of several miRNAs are altered. Worldwide the incidence of GDM is increasing, in part driven by the current obesity epidemic. This is a point of public health concern because offspring of women with GDM frequently suffer from short- and long-term complications of maternal GDM. This has prompted the investigation of whether levels of specific miRNA species, detected early in gestation, may be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for the development of GDM. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of RNA secretion and review circulating miRNAs associated with GDM. Several miRNAs are associated with GDM: miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p are generally upregulated in GDM pregnancies, also when measured prior to the development of GDM, while miR-16-5p is consistently upregulated in GDM pregnancies, especially in late gestation. miR-330-3p in circulation is increased in late gestation GDM women, especially in those with poor insulin secretion. miR-17-5p, miR-19a/b-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-125-a/b-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-132 are also associated with GDM, but less so and with more contradictory results reported. There could be a publication bias as miRNAs identified early are investigated the most, suggesting that it is likely that additional, more recently detected miRNAs could also be associated with GDM. Thus, circulating miRNAs show potential as biomarkers of GDM diagnosis or prognosis, especially multiple miRNAs containing prediction algorithms show promise, but further studies are needed.
不同类型的小非编码RNA，尤其是微小RNA（miRNA），可在循环系统中被发现，它们要么与蛋白质结合，要么包裹在细胞外囊泡中。在妊娠期，特别是在妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）期间，几种miRNA的水平会发生改变。在全球范围内，GDM的发病率正在上升，部分原因是当前的肥胖流行。这是一个公共卫生关注点，因为患有GDM的女性的后代经常遭受母体GDM的短期和长期并发症。这促使人们研究在妊娠早期检测到的特定miRNA种类的水平是否可作为GDM发生发展的诊断或预后标志物。在此，我们总结RNA分泌的机制，并综述与GDM相关的循环miRNA。几种miRNA与GDM相关：miR-29a-3p和miR-29b-3p在GDM妊娠中通常上调，在GDM发生之前测量时也是如此，而miR-16-5p在GDM妊娠中持续上调，尤其是在妊娠晚期。循环中的miR-330-3p在妊娠晚期的GDM女性中增加，尤其是在胰岛素分泌不良的女性中。miR-17-5p、miR-19a/b-3p、miR-223-3p、miR-155-5p、miR-125-a/b-5p、miR-210-3p和miR-132也与GDM相关，但相关性较小且报道的结果更具矛盾性。可能存在发表偏倚，因为早期鉴定出的miRNA研究得最多，这表明很可能还有其他最近检测到的miRNA也与GDM相关。因此，循环miRNA显示出作为GDM诊断或预后生物标志物的潜力，尤其是包含预测算法的多种miRNA显示出前景，但还需要进一步研究。
