Pulver Benedikt, Fischmann Svenja, Gallegos Ana, Christie Rachel
State Bureau of Criminal Investigation Schleswig-Holstein, Forensic Science Institute, Kiel, Germany.
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal.
Drug Test Anal. 2023 Mar;15(3):255-276. doi: 10.1002/dta.3403. Epub 2022 Nov 28.
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), often sold as "legal" replacements for cannabis, are the largest group of new psychoactive substances monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Currently, close to 240 structurally heterogeneous SCs are monitored through the European Union (EU) Early Warning System, and attributing consistent, informative, and user-friendly names to SCs has been a challenge in the past. Over time, several naming conventions have been employed with the aim of making SCs more easily recognizable by non-chemists, including regulators. To achieve this, the names assigned need to contain detailed information on the structural features present in the substance. This work provides a theoretical framework and a practical hands-on guideline for consistent naming of SCs, which is easy to understand and can be applied by the forensic community, researchers, clinical practitioners, and policy-makers. The proposed framework builds on the established letter code system for molecular building blocks (core, linker, linked group, and tail) implemented by the EMCDDA in 2013 and has been expanded to incorporate additional structural features through substitution. The scope of the issue of attributing semi-systematic code names is illustrated, and earlier approaches used for naming SCs are discussed. The concepts and rules of the EMCDDA framework are described through a flowchart that provides a basis for naming new SCs, a graphical overview of the chemical diversity of SCs, and a detailed list of the SCs identified in the EU by the Early Warning System of the EMCDDA for reference.
合成大麻素（SCs）常作为大麻的“合法”替代品出售，是欧洲毒品和药物成瘾监测中心（EMCDDA）监测的最大一类新型精神活性物质。目前，通过欧盟（EU）预警系统监测着近240种结构各异的合成大麻素，过去，为合成大麻素赋予一致、信息丰富且便于用户使用的名称一直是一项挑战。随着时间的推移，人们采用了几种命名惯例，目的是使非化学家（包括监管人员）更容易识别合成大麻素。要做到这一点，所赋予的名称需要包含有关该物质结构特征的详细信息。这项工作为合成大麻素的一致命名提供了一个理论框架和实用的实际操作指南，该指南易于理解，可供法医界、研究人员、临床医生和政策制定者应用。所提议的框架基于EMCDDA于2013年实施的既定分子构建块字母代码系统（核心、连接基、连接基团和尾部），并已扩展以纳入通过取代产生的其他结构特征。阐述了赋予半系统代码名称问题的范围，并讨论了早期用于合成大麻素命名的方法。通过流程图描述了EMCDDA框架的概念和规则，该流程图为新合成大麻素的命名提供了基础、合成大麻素化学多样性的图形概述，以及EMCDDA预警系统在欧盟识别出的合成大麻素详细列表以供参考。
