Roque-Bravo Rita, Silva Rafaela Sofia, Malheiro Rui F, Carmo Helena, Carvalho Félix, da Silva Diana Dias, Silva João Pedro
Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; email:
Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2023 Jan 20;63:187-209. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031122-113758. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a chemically diverse group of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) that target the endocannabinoid system, triggering a plethora of actions (e.g., elevated mood sensation, relaxation, appetite stimulation) that resemble, but are more intense than, those induced by cannabis. Although some of these effects have been explored for therapeutic applications, anticipated stronger psychoactive effects than cannabis and reduced risk perception have increased the recreational use of SCs, which have dominated the NPS market in the United States and Europe over the past decade. However, rising SC-related intoxications and deaths represent a major public health concern and embody a major challenge for policy makers. Here, we review the pharmacology and toxicology of SCs. A thorough characterization of SCs' pharmacodynamics and toxicodynamics is important to better understand the main mechanisms underlying acute and chronic effects of SCs, interpret the clinical/pathological findings related to SC use, and improve SC risk awareness.
合成大麻素（SCs）是一类化学性质多样的新型精神活性物质（NPSs），其作用于内源性大麻素系统，引发大量类似于大麻所诱导的但更为强烈的行为（如情绪高涨、放松、食欲刺激）。尽管其中一些效应已被探索用于治疗用途，但预计比大麻更强的精神活性效应以及降低的风险认知增加了合成大麻素的娱乐性使用，在过去十年中，合成大麻素在美国和欧洲的新型精神活性物质市场占据主导地位。然而，与合成大麻素相关的中毒和死亡事件不断增加，这是一个重大的公共卫生问题，也是政策制定者面临的一项重大挑战。在此，我们综述合成大麻素的药理学和毒理学。全面了解合成大麻素的药效学和毒理学对于更好地理解合成大麻素急性和慢性效应的主要机制、解释与合成大麻素使用相关的临床/病理发现以及提高对合成大麻素风险的认识至关重要。
