Whitley Elise, Olsen Jonathan, Benzeval Michaela
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK.
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK.
Health Place. 2022 Nov;78:102930. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102930. Epub 2022 Nov 5.
Research suggests that individuals living in more disadvantaged neighbourhoods experience higher levels of stress but this has generally been based on self-reported stress. We used survey-based neighbourhood quality indicators and biomarker data from Understanding Society, linked to census and crime statistics to explore associations of allostatic load (AL), an objective biomarker-based measure of cumulative stress, with subjective and objective neighbourhood characteristics. Analyses of 6887 respondents living in England show greater AL among those living in more disadvantaged areas, with objective measure associations stronger than subjective. Neighbourhood inequalities in AL were lower among respondents with higher individual SEP. These results suggest that individual-level SEP mitigates against the impact of negative, particularly objective, neighbourhood characteristics. Policies to reduce health inequalities should consider both individual and neighbourhood circumstances.
研究表明，生活在处境更为不利社区的个体经历着更高水平的压力，但这通常是基于自我报告的压力。我们使用了基于调查的社区质量指标以及来自“理解社会”（Understanding Society）的生物标志物数据，并将其与人口普查和犯罪统计数据相联系，以探究应激负荷（AL）（一种基于客观生物标志物的累积压力测量指标）与主观和客观社区特征之间的关联。对居住在英格兰的6887名受访者的分析表明，生活在处境更为不利地区的人具有更高的应激负荷，客观测量指标的关联性比主观指标更强。在个体社会经济地位（SEP）较高的受访者中，应激负荷的社区不平等程度较低。这些结果表明，个体层面的社会经济地位可减轻负面的、尤其是客观的社区特征所带来的影响。减少健康不平等的政策应同时考虑个体和社区情况。
