Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Cell Immunol. 2022 Dec;382:104633. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104633. Epub 2022 Oct 22.
Loss of oral tolerance (OT) to food antigens results in food allergies. One component of achieving OT is the symbiotic microorganisms living in the gut (microbiota). The composition of the microbiota can drive either pro-tolerogenic or pro-inflammatory responses against dietary antigens though interactions with the local immune cells within the gut. Products from bacterial fermentation, such as butyrate, are one of the main communication molecules involved in this interaction, however, this is released by a subset of bacterial species. Thus, strategies to specifically expand these bacteria with protolerogenic properties have been explored to complement oral immunotherapy in food allergy. These approaches either provide digestible biomolecules to induce beneficial bacteria species (prebiotics) or the direct administration of live bacteria species (probiotics). While this combined therapy has shown positive outcomes in clinical trials for cow's milk allergy, more research is needed to determine if this therapy can be extended to other food allergens.
失去对食物抗原的口服耐受性（OT）会导致食物过敏。实现 OT 的一个组成部分是存在于肠道中的共生微生物（微生物群）。微生物群的组成可以通过与肠道内的局部免疫细胞相互作用，对膳食抗原产生促耐受或促炎反应。细菌发酵产物，如丁酸盐，是参与这种相互作用的主要通讯分子之一，但它是由一部分细菌种类释放的。因此，人们探索了专门扩大具有促耐受特性的细菌的策略，以补充食物过敏的口服免疫疗法。这些方法要么提供可消化的生物分子来诱导有益的细菌种类（益生元），要么直接给予活菌种类（益生菌）。虽然这种联合疗法在临床试验中对牛奶过敏显示出积极的结果，但需要更多的研究来确定这种疗法是否可以扩展到其他食物过敏原。
