Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Philos Ethics Humanit Med. 2022 Nov 9;17(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s13010-022-00126-0.
Moral distress is one of the most important problems that nurses face in their care of patients. Various studies have reported the frequency and severity of moral distress in nurses. However, to date, a comprehensive study that shows the results of these research across the world was not found, therefore due to the importance of this issue, its role in the health of nurses and patients, and the lack of general statistics about it worldwide, the present study was conducted to determine the frequency and severity of moral distress in nurses through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
In this review study, searching national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CINHAL, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) between 2005 and February 2020 were extracted. The random-effects model was used for analysis, and the heterogeneity of studies with the I index was investigated. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2).
The frequency of moral distress in 9 articles with a sample size of 1576 persons was 1.7 ± 0.5 from (0-4), in 13 articles with a sample size of 1870 persons, 3.07 ± 0.1 from (0-5), in 6 articles with a sample size of 1316 persons, 3.2 ± 0.29 from (0-6), in 18 articles with a sample size of 1959 persons, 4.6 ± 0.518 from (1-7) and in 35 articles with a sample size of 3718 persons, 81.1 ± 4.6 from (216-30), and the severity of moral distress in 4 articles with a sample size of 1116 persons, 1.7 ± 0.37 from (0-4), in 5 articles with a sample size of 1282 persons, 2.6 ± 0.28 from (0-5), in 5 articles with a sample size of 944 persons, 3.9 ± 0.63 from (0-6) and in 8 articles with a sample size of 901 persons was 82.3 ± 5.4 (0-216).
The results of this study showed that the frequency and severity of moral distress in nurses are high and are a serious problem in nurses. Therefore, policymakers in this field should consider its role in the health of nurses and patients.
道德困境是护士在护理患者时面临的最重要问题之一。各种研究报告了护士道德困境的频率和严重程度。然而，迄今为止，尚未发现一项全面的研究来展示世界各地这些研究的结果，因此，由于这个问题很重要，它对护士和患者健康的影响，以及全球缺乏关于它的一般统计数据，本研究旨在通过系统评价和荟萃分析来确定护士道德困境的频率和严重程度。
在这项综述研究中，检索了 SID、MagIran、IranMedex、IranDoc、Google Scholar、Embase、ScienceDirect、Scopus、CINHAL、PubMed 和 Web of Science（WoS）的国内外数据库，检索时间为 2005 年至 2020 年 2 月。使用随机效应模型进行分析，并使用 I 指数调查研究的异质性。使用 Comprehensive Meta-Analysis（版本 2）分析数据。
9 项研究中有 1576 人的样本量，道德困境频率为 1.7±0.5（0-4），13 项研究中有 1870 人的样本量，3.07±0.1（0-5），6 项研究中有 1316 人的样本量，3.2±0.29（0-6），18 项研究中有 1959 人的样本量，4.6±0.518（1-7），35 项研究中有 3718 人的样本量，81.1±4.6（216-30），4 项研究中有 1116 人的样本量，道德困境严重程度为 1.7±0.37（0-4），5 项研究中有 1282 人的样本量，2.6±0.28（0-5），5 项研究中有 944 人的样本量，3.9±0.63（0-6），8 项研究中有 901 人的样本量为 82.3±5.4（0-216）。
本研究结果表明，护士道德困境的频率和严重程度较高，是护士面临的一个严重问题。因此，该领域的政策制定者应考虑其对护士和患者健康的影响。
