Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, United States.
Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022 Nov 1;63(12):10. doi: 10.1167/iovs.63.12.10.
We recently found slow visually guided reaching in strabismic children, especially in the final approach. Here, we expand on those data by reporting saccade kinematics and temporal eye-hand coordination during visually guided reaching in children treated for strabismus compared with controls.
Thirty children diagnosed with esotropia, a form of strabismus, 7 to 12 years of age and 32 age-similar control children were enrolled. Eye movements and index finger movements were recorded. While viewing binocularly, children reached out and touched a small dot that appeared randomly in one of four locations along the horizontal meridian (±5° or ±10°). Saccade kinematic measures (latency, accuracy and precision, peak velocity, and frequency of corrective and reach-related saccades) and temporal eye-hand coordination measures (saccade-to-reach planning interval, saccade-to-reach peak velocity interval) were compared. Factors associated with impaired performance were also evaluated.
During visually guided reaching, strabismic children had longer primary saccade latency (strabismic, 195 ± 29 ms vs. control; 175 ± 23 ms; P = 0.004), a 25% decrease in primary saccade precision (0.15 ± 0.06 vs. 0.12 ± 0.03; P = 0.007), a 45% decrease in the final saccade precision (0.16 ± 0.06 vs. 0.11 ± 0.03; P < 0.001), and more reach-related saccades (16 ± 13% of trials vs. 8 ± 6% of trials; P = 0.001) compared with a control group. No measurable stereoacuity was related to poor saccade kinematics.
Strabismus impacts saccade kinematics during visually guided reaching in children, with poor binocularity playing a role in performance. Coupled with previous data showing slow reaching in the final approach, the current saccade data suggest that children treated for strabismus have not yet adapted or formed an efficient compensatory strategy during visually guided reaching.
我们最近发现斜视儿童的视觉引导伸手动作较慢，尤其是在最后的接近阶段。在这里，我们通过报告斜视治疗儿童与对照组相比在视觉引导伸手过程中的眼球运动动力学和眼手时间协调性，进一步扩展了这些数据。
招募了 30 名 7 至 12 岁被诊断为内斜视（一种斜视形式）的儿童和 32 名年龄相似的对照组儿童。记录眼动和食指运动。当孩子双眼注视时，一个小光点会随机出现在水平子午线的四个位置之一（±5°或±10°），孩子伸手触摸该光点。比较了眼球运动动力学测量指标（潜伏期、准确性和精度、峰值速度以及校正和伸手相关眼球运动的频率）和眼手时间协调性测量指标（眼球运动到伸手的计划间隔、眼球运动到伸手的峰值速度间隔）。还评估了与表现受损相关的因素。
在视觉引导伸手过程中，斜视儿童的主要眼球运动潜伏期较长（斜视，195±29ms 比对照组，175±23ms；P=0.004），主要眼球运动精度降低了 25%（0.15±0.06 比 0.12±0.03；P=0.007），最后的眼球运动精度降低了 45%（0.16±0.06 比 0.11±0.03；P<0.001），并且伸手相关的眼球运动更多（16±13%的试验比 8±6%的试验；P=0.001），与对照组相比。没有可测量的立体视觉与较差的眼球运动动力学相关。
斜视会影响儿童视觉引导伸手过程中的眼球运动动力学，双眼视功能不佳会影响表现。结合之前显示在最后接近阶段伸手动作较慢的数据，目前的眼球运动数据表明，斜视治疗儿童在视觉引导伸手过程中尚未适应或形成有效的补偿策略。
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