Lee Seunghyun, Oh Dae-Ju, Lee Seunghwan, Chung Sang Bae, Dong-Soon Kim
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 92 Box, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Econ Entomol. 2022 Dec 14;115(6):1987-1994. doi: 10.1093/jee/toac171.
Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842, is a major forest pest that hosts the pathogenic pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934) Nickle 1970. Taxonomically, M. alternatus is currently divided into two subspecies, based on morphology and geography: Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope, 1842 in China, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam, and Laos and Monochamus alternatus endai Makihara, 2004 in South Korea and Japan. Despite their economic importance, the subspecies taxonomy of M. alternatus has never been tested after the first description. In this study, we aimed to reassess the subspecies taxonomy of M. alternatus using molecular and morphological data. For morphological analysis, we examined three major morphological characters (pronotal longitudinal band, granulation on humeri, and elytral proximomedial spine) from 191 individuals from China, Korea, and Taiwan. Population genetic structures were examined using 85 de novo sequences and 82 public COI sequences from China, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, and a few intercepted specimens from the United States. All the genetic data were aligned as three different multiple sequence alignments. Individuals from each subspecies were morphologically and genetically scattered, not clustered according to subspecies in any of the analyses. Therefore, a new synonymy is proposed: Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842 = Monochamus alternatus endai, syn. n. This study suggests a more robust classification of M. alternatus for the first time and ultimately will pose a substantial impact on implementing quarantine or forestry policies.
松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus Hope，1842）是一种主要的森林害虫，它携带致病性松材线虫（PWN），即松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934) Nickle 1970）。在分类学上，基于形态学和地理分布，松墨天牛目前被分为两个亚种：1842年在中国、台湾、西藏、越南和老挝发现的指名亚种松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope），以及2004年在韩国和日本发现的新亚种江户松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus endai Makihara）。尽管其具有经济重要性，但松墨天牛的亚种分类在首次描述后从未经过检验。在本研究中，我们旨在利用分子和形态学数据重新评估松墨天牛的亚种分类。对于形态学分析，我们检查了来自中国、韩国和台湾的191个个体的三个主要形态特征（前胸背板纵带、肩部颗粒和鞘翅近端内侧刺）。利用来自中国、韩国、日本、马来西亚、台湾的85条从头测序序列和82条公共细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）序列以及一些从美国截获的标本，研究了种群遗传结构。所有遗传数据被排列为三种不同的多序列比对。在任何分析中，来自每个亚种的个体在形态和遗传上都是分散的，而不是按照亚种聚类。因此，我们提出了一个新的同义关系：松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus Hope，1842）=江户松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus endai），新异名。本研究首次提出了一个更可靠的松墨天牛分类，最终将对实施检疫或林业政策产生重大影响。
