Baek Seong-Uk, Yoon Jin-Ha, Won Jong-Uk
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
SSM Popul Health. 2022 Oct 22;20:101275. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101275. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Previous research has investigated the relationship between an individuals' gender role attitudes (GRAs) and their psychological health. We hypothesized that holding traditional GRAs or having a husband who holds traditional GRAs may adversely affect a woman's health.
Data were obtained from a nationally representative longitudinal survey. Women's negative attitudes towards women's economic participation and husbands' negative attitudes towards their wives' economic participation were measured. The associations between the two and depressive symptoms, poor subjective health, and unemployment status in married women was estimated using a generalised estimating equation. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Women's negative attitudes towards women's economic participation was associated with depressive symptoms (OR [95% CI]: 1.19 [1.09-1.31]), poor subjective health (1.14 [1.04-1.25]) and unemployment status (1.10 [1.05-1.15]) in married women. In addition, there were significant associations between husbands' negative attitudes towards their wives working and depressive symptoms (1.41 [1.23-1.60]), poor subjective health (1.69 [1.48-1.92]), and unemployment (1.80 [1.69-1.92]) in their wives. The effect was strongest when both wives and their husbands have negative attitudes. In addition, the models considering cumulative years of negative attitudes showed that wives holding negative attitudes towards women's economic participation for 3 years or more was associated with depressive symptoms (1.70 [1.42-2.04]), poor subjective health (1.28 [1.04-1.57]), and unemployment status (1.39 [1.22-1.58]). Similarly, husbands' holding 3 years or more of negative attitudes towards their wives' economic participation was associated with depressive symptoms (1.32 [1.02-1.72])), poor subjective health (1.81 [1.40-2.35]), and unemployment status (9.02 [7.97-10.21]) in their wives.
Our results show that one's own or one's husband's attitude towards women's economic participation affects not only the employment status of married women but also their mental and subjective health. Policymakers should implement policies that encourage positive attitudes towards women's economic activities.
先前的研究调查了个体的性别角色态度（GRA）与其心理健康之间的关系。我们假设持有传统的性别角色态度或丈夫持有传统的性别角色态度可能会对女性健康产生不利影响。
数据来自一项具有全国代表性的纵向调查。测量了女性对女性经济参与的负面态度以及丈夫对其妻子经济参与的负面态度。使用广义估计方程估计了二者与已婚女性的抑郁症状、主观健康状况不佳和失业状况之间的关联。计算了优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
女性对女性经济参与的负面态度与已婚女性的抑郁症状（OR [95% CI]：1.19 [1.09 - 1.31]）、主观健康状况不佳（1.14 [1.04 - 1.25]）和失业状况（1.10 [1.05 - 1.15]）相关。此外，丈夫对妻子工作的负面态度与妻子的抑郁症状（1.41 [1.23 - 1.60]）、主观健康状况不佳（1.69 [1.48 - 1.92]）和失业（1.80 [1.69 - 1.92]）之间存在显著关联。当妻子和丈夫都持负面态度时，这种影响最强。此外，考虑负面态度累积年限的模型表明，对女性经济参与持负面态度达3年或更长时间的妻子与抑郁症状（1.70 [1.42 - 2.04]）、主观健康状况不佳（1.28 [1.04 - 1.57]）和失业状况（1.39 [1.22 - 1.58]）相关。同样，丈夫对其妻子经济参与持负面态度达3年或更长时间与妻子的抑郁症状（1.32 [1.02 - 1.72]）、主观健康状况不佳（1.81 [1.40 - 2.35]）和失业状况（9.02 [7.97 - 10.21]）相关。
我们的结果表明，自己或丈夫对女性经济参与的态度不仅会影响已婚女性的就业状况，还会影响她们的心理和主观健康。政策制定者应实施鼓励对女性经济活动持积极态度的政策。
