Sá Pedro, Santos Dulce, Chiaia Hermenegildo, Leitão Alexandre, Cordeiro José Moras, Gama Luís T, Amaral Andreia J
CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Laboratório Associado para a Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal.
Front Genet. 2022 Oct 24;13:1003069. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1003069. eCollection 2022.
Angola, in the western coast of Africa, has been through dramatic social events that have led to the near-disappearance of native swine populations, and the recent introduction of European exotic breeds has also contributed to the erosion of this native swine repertoire. In an effort to investigate the genetic basis of native pigs in Angola (ANG) we have generated whole genomes from animals of a remote local pig population in Huambo province, which we have compared with 78 genomes of European and Asian pig breeds as well as European and Asian wild boars that are currently in public domain. Analyses of population structure showed that ANG pigs grouped within the European cluster and were clearly separated from Asian pig breeds. Pairwise ranged from 0.14 to 0.26, ANG pigs display lower levels of genetic differentiation towards European breeds. Finally, we have identified candidate regions for selection using a complementary approach based on various methods. All results suggest that selection towards feed efficiency and metabolism has occurred. Moreover, all analysis identified gene, which is related with insulin and cholesterol metabolism, as a candidate gene overlapping signatures of selection unique to ANG pigs. This study presents the first assessment of the genetic relationship between ANG pigs and other world breeds and uncovers selection signatures that may indicate adaptation features unique to this important genetic resource.
安哥拉位于非洲西海岸，经历了剧烈的社会变迁，导致当地猪种几近消失，而近期引进的欧洲外来品种也加剧了本土猪种资源的流失。为了探究安哥拉本土猪（ANG）的遗传基础，我们对万博省一个偏远本地猪群的动物进行了全基因组测序，并将其与目前公开的78个欧洲和亚洲猪种以及欧洲和亚洲野猪的基因组进行了比较。群体结构分析表明，ANG猪聚集在欧洲猪群中，与亚洲猪种明显分开。成对Fst值在0.14至0.26之间，ANG猪与欧洲猪种的遗传分化水平较低。最后，我们使用基于多种方法的互补方法确定了选择的候选区域。所有结果表明，针对饲料效率和新陈代谢的选择已经发生。此外，所有分析都确定了与胰岛素和胆固醇代谢相关的基因作为ANG猪特有的选择特征重叠的候选基因。本研究首次评估了ANG猪与其他世界猪种之间的遗传关系，并揭示了可能表明这种重要遗传资源独特适应特征的选择特征。
