Bio-Nanotechnology and Biomaterials (BNB) Lab, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 1;12(11):949. doi: 10.3390/bios12110949.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global epidemic; however, many individuals are able to obtain treatment and manage their condition. Progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurs during late-stage HIV infection, which compromises the immune system, making it susceptible to infections. While there is no cure, antiretroviral therapy can be used provided that detection occurs, preferably during the early phase. However, the detection of HIV is expensive and resource-intensive when tested with conventional methods, such as flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Improving disease detection in resource-constrained areas requires equipment that is affordable, portable, and can deliver rapid results. Microfluidic devices have transformed many benchtop techniques to on-chip detection for portable and rapid point-of-care (POC) testing. These devices are cost-effective, sensitive, and rapid and can be used in areas lacking resources. Moreover, their functionality can rival their benchtop counterparts, making them efficient for disease detection. In this review, we discuss the limitations of currently used conventional HIV diagnostic assays and provide an overview of potential microfluidic technologies that can improve HIV testing in POC settings.
人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 是一种全球性的流行病；然而，许多人能够获得治疗并控制病情。获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (AIDS) 是在 HIV 感染的晚期发生的，它会损害免疫系统，使其容易受到感染。虽然目前尚无治愈方法，但如果能够及早发现，例如在早期阶段，就可以使用抗逆转录病毒疗法。然而，使用传统方法（如流式细胞术、聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 或酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)）检测 HIV 既昂贵又需要大量资源。在资源有限的地区改善疾病检测需要经济实惠、便携且能够快速提供结果的设备。微流控设备将许多台式技术转化为片上检测，用于便携和快速的即时护理 (POC) 测试。这些设备具有成本效益、灵敏度高且快速，可在资源匮乏的地区使用。此外，它们的功能可以与台式设备相媲美，使其非常适合疾病检测。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前使用的传统 HIV 诊断检测方法的局限性，并概述了可以改善 POC 环境中 HIV 检测的潜在微流控技术。
