Extract Regulates Neuroinflammation In Vitro and In Vivo.

Previously, we reported that () is a brown algae species that exerts anti-inflammatory activity toward murine macrophages. However, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and the mechanism of on microglia cells are still unknown. We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of extract on microglia in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we found that was not cytotoxic to BV-2 microglia cells and it significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production. Moreover, also diminished the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, and cytokine production, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, on LPS-stimulated microglia activation. elicited anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB. In addition, inhibited astrocytes and microglia activation in LPS-challenged mice brain. Therefore, these results suggested that exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated microglia cell activation by inhibiting neuroinflammatory factors and NF-κB signaling.