Villena Oswaldo C, Sullivan Joseph H, Landa Edward R, Yarwood Stephanie A, Torrents Alba, Zhang Aijun, Leisnham Paul T
Marine Estuarine & Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Department of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Insects. 2022 Oct 22;13(11):969. doi: 10.3390/insects13110969.
(1) Background: Condition-specific competition, when the outcome of competition varies with abiotic conditions, can facilitate species coexistence in spatially or temporally variable environments. Discarded vehicle tires degrade to leach contaminants into collected rainwater that provide habitats for competing mosquito species. We tested the hypothesis that more highly degraded tires that contain greater tire leachate alters interspecific mosquito competition to produce a condition-specific advantage for the resident, , by altering the outcome of competition with the competitively superior invasive . (2) Methods: In a competition trial, varying densities of newly hatched and larvae were added to tires that had been exposed to three different ultraviolet (UV)-B conditions that mimicked full-sun, shade, or no UV-B conditions in the field. We also measured and oviposition preference among four treatments with varying tire leachate (high and low) and resources (high and low) amounts to determine if adult gravid females avoided habitats with higher tire leachate. (3) Results: We found stronger competitive effects of on the population performance and survival of in tires exposed to shade and full-sun conditions that had higher concentrations of contaminants. Further, zinc concentration was higher in emergent adults of than . Oviposition by these species was similar between tire leachate treatments but not by resource amount. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that degraded tires with higher tire leachate may promote condition-specific competition by reducing the competitive advantage of invasive over resident and, combined with preferential oviposition in higher resource sites, contribute to the persistence of the resident species.
(1) 背景：特定条件下的竞争，即竞争结果随非生物条件而变化，能够促进物种在空间或时间可变的环境中共存。废弃的汽车轮胎会降解，将污染物渗入收集的雨水中，为竞争的蚊虫物种提供栖息地。我们检验了这样一个假设：含有更多轮胎渗滤液的高度降解轮胎会改变种间蚊虫竞争，通过改变与竞争优势更强的入侵物种的竞争结果，为本地物种 产生特定条件下的优势。(2) 方法：在一项竞争试验中，将不同密度的新孵化的 和 幼虫添加到暴露于三种不同紫外线（UV）-B条件下的轮胎中，这三种条件模拟了野外的全日照、阴凉或无UV-B条件。我们还测量了 和 在四种不同轮胎渗滤液（高和低）和资源（高和低）量的处理中的产卵偏好，以确定成年孕蚊是否会避开轮胎渗滤液较高的栖息地。(3) 结果：我们发现，在暴露于阴凉和全日照条件且污染物浓度较高的轮胎中， 对 的种群表现和生存具有更强的竞争作用。此外， 羽化成虫中的锌浓度高于 。这些物种在轮胎渗滤液处理之间的产卵情况相似，但在资源量方面则不同。(4) 结论：这些结果表明，具有较高轮胎渗滤液的降解轮胎可能通过降低入侵物种 相对于本地物种 的竞争优势来促进特定条件下的竞争，并且与 在资源较高的地点优先产卵相结合，有助于本地物种的持续存在。
