Pereira de Sa Nivea, Del Poeta Maurizio
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery (ICB&DD), Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Oct 26;8(11):1130. doi: 10.3390/jof8111130.
Sterylglucosides (SGs) are sterol conjugates widely distributed in nature. Although their universal presence in all living organisms suggests the importance of this kind of glycolipids, they are yet poorly understood. The glycosylation of sterols confers a more hydrophilic character, modifying biophysical properties of cell membranes and altering immunogenicity of the cells. In fungi, SGs regulate different cell pathways to help overcome oxygen and pH challenges, as well as help to accomplish cell recycling and other membrane functions. At the same time, the level of these lipids is highly controlled, especially in wild-type fungi. In addition, modulating SGs metabolism is becoming a novel tool for vaccine and antifungal development. In the present review, we bring together multiple observations to emphasize the underestimated importance of SGs for fungal cell functions.
甾醇糖苷（SGs）是广泛分布于自然界的甾醇共轭物。尽管它们在所有生物中普遍存在，这表明了这类糖脂的重要性，但人们对它们的了解仍然很少。甾醇的糖基化赋予了更亲水的特性，改变了细胞膜的生物物理性质，并改变了细胞的免疫原性。在真菌中，SGs调节不同的细胞途径，以帮助克服氧气和pH挑战，以及帮助完成细胞循环和其他膜功能。同时，这些脂质的水平受到高度控制，尤其是在野生型真菌中。此外，调节SGs代谢正成为疫苗和抗真菌药物开发的一种新工具。在本综述中，我们综合了多项观察结果，以强调SGs对真菌细胞功能的重要性被低估了。
