Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Punjab, Pakistan.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Aug;201(8):4143-4155. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03469-z. Epub 2022 Nov 10.
Diversity in eleven Artemisia species from northern Pakistan was assessed based on as per suitability of their elemental contents with thermal conductivity detection and ICP-AES procedures. Results indicated the presence of 13 major elements in the Artemisia species with varied concentrations including Carbon (45.7%, 45,7000 ppm-49.8%, 49,8000 ppm), Nitrogen (2.03%, 20,300 ppm-3.50%, 35,000 ppm), Phosphorus (0.168%, 1680 ppm-0.642%, 6420 ppm), Potassium (2.38%, 23,800 ppm-4.72%, 47,200 ppm), Sulphur (1920 ppm, 0.192%-4780 ppm, 0.478%), Boron (23.8 ppm, 0.00238%-71.7 ppm, 0.00717%), Calcium (0.733%, 7330 ppm-2.249%, 22,490 ppm), Magnesium (0.116%, 1160 ppm-0.267%, 2670 ppm), Zinc (27.7 ppm, 0.00277%-47.9 ppm, 0.00479%), Manganese (25.7 ppm, 0.00257%-93.8 ppm, 0.00938%), Iron (353 ppm, 0.0353%-1532 ppm, 0.1532%), Copper (14.1 ppm, 0.00141%-26.2 ppm, 0.00262%) and Sodium (105 ppm, 0.0105%-587 ppm, 0.0587%). Cluster analysis distributed the Artemisia species into two major groups (G1 and G2) on the basis of their elemental content where G1 contained species like, Artemisia herba alba Asso., A. tournefortiana Rachb., A. rutifolia Steph. ex Spreng., and A. vulgaris L., with the presence of all elements with the maximum amount of S, Zn, P, Ca, and Mg, while G2 contained species like Artemisia biennis Willd., A. chamaemelifolia Vill., A. capillaris, L., A. gmelinii Weber ex Stech., A. indica Willd., A. maritima L., and A. verlotiorum Lamotte., with all elements but significant concentrations of B, N, C, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Na. PCA analysis displayed maximum species diversity in the axes two, while axes one showed lower diversity. Additionally, the elevated levels of elements recorded as compared to the threshold levels recommended in the literature for medicinal plants require extraordinary precautionary measures before or during using Artemisia as medication to avoid metal toxicity.
基于热导率检测和 ICP-AES 程序，评估了来自巴基斯坦北部的 11 种青蒿属物种的元素含量的适宜性，以评估其多样性。结果表明，青蒿属物种中存在 13 种主要元素，浓度差异很大，包括碳（45.7%，457000-49.8%，498000）、氮（2.03%，20300-3.50%，35000）、磷（0.168%，1680-0.642%，6420）、钾（2.38%，23800-4.72%，47200）、硫（1920ppm，0.192%-4780ppm，0.478%）、硼（23.8ppm，0.00238%-71.7ppm，0.00717%）、钙（0.733%，7330-2.249%，22490）、镁（0.116%，1160-0.267%，2670）、锌（27.7ppm，0.00277%-47.9ppm，0.00479%）、锰（25.7ppm，0.00257%-93.8ppm，0.00938%）、铁（353ppm，0.0353%-1532ppm，0.1532%）、铜（14.1ppm，0.00141%-26.2ppm，0.00262%）和钠（105ppm，0.0105%-587ppm，0.0587%）。聚类分析根据元素含量将青蒿属物种分为两大类（G1 和 G2），其中 G1 包含如 Artemisia herba alba Asso.、A. tournefortiana Rachb.、A. rutifolia Steph. ex Spreng. 和 A. vulgaris L. 等物种，这些物种存在所有元素，且 S、Zn、P、Ca 和 Mg 的含量最高，而 G2 包含如 Artemisia biennis Willd.、A. chamaemelifolia Vill.、A. capillaris. L.、A. gmelinii Weber ex Stech.、A. indica Willd.、A. maritima L. 和 A. verlotiorum Lamotte. 等物种，这些物种存在所有元素，但 B、N、C、K、Mn、Fe、Cu 和 Na 的含量显著。PCA 分析显示，在第二轴上显示出最大的物种多样性，而在第一轴上显示出较低的多样性。此外，与文献中推荐的药用植物阈值水平相比，记录到的元素水平升高，在将青蒿属植物作为药物使用之前或期间需要采取特别的预防措施，以避免金属毒性。
