Tenorio-Chávez Paulina, Elizalde-Velázquez Gustavo Axel, Gómez-Oliván Leobardo Manuel, Hernández-Navarro María Dolores
Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 10;859(Pt 1):159731. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159731. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
Tetracycline (TC) is one of the most consumed antibiotics worldwide. Due to its high consumption, recent studies have reported its presence in aquatic environments and have assessed its effects on fish, algae, and daphniids. However, in most of those works, authors have tested TC toxicity at concentrations higher than the ones reported in the water matrix. Herein, we aimed to assess the likely embryotoxic and oxidative damage induced by environmentally relevant concentrations of TC in embryos of Danio rerio. Moreover, we seek to determine whether or not an enriched diet with spirulina can alleviate the embryotoxic damage produced by TC. Our findings indicated that TC at concentrations of 50 to 500 ng/L induced pericardial edema, tail deformities, and absence of head and fin in embryos after 96 h of exposure. Moreover, this antibiotic prompted the death of embryos in a concentration-dependent manner. According to our integrated biomarker response index, TC induced oxidative damage on Danio rerio embryos, as star plots showed a tendency to lipoperoxidation, hydroperoxides, and protein carbonyl content. Spirulina reduced the toxicity of TC by diminishing the levels of oxidative damage biomarkers, which resulted in a decrease in the rate of death and malformed embryos. Overall, TC at concentrations of ng/L prompted oxidative stress and embryotoxicity in the early life stages of Danio rerio; nonetheless, the algae spirulina was able to reduce the severity of those effects.
四环素（TC）是全球消耗量最大的抗生素之一。由于其高消耗量，最近的研究报告了其在水生环境中的存在，并评估了其对鱼类、藻类和水蚤的影响。然而，在大多数这些研究中，作者测试的TC毒性浓度高于水基质中报告的浓度。在此，我们旨在评估环境相关浓度的TC对斑马鱼胚胎可能产生的胚胎毒性和氧化损伤。此外，我们试图确定富含螺旋藻的饮食是否可以减轻TC产生的胚胎毒性损伤。我们的研究结果表明，暴露96小时后，浓度为50至500纳克/升的TC会导致胚胎心包水肿、尾部畸形以及头部和鳍缺失。此外，这种抗生素以浓度依赖的方式促使胚胎死亡。根据我们的综合生物标志物反应指数，TC对斑马鱼胚胎诱导了氧化损伤，因为星形图显示出脂质过氧化、氢过氧化物和蛋白质羰基含量的趋势。螺旋藻通过降低氧化损伤生物标志物的水平降低了TC的毒性，这导致死亡和畸形胚胎的比率下降。总体而言，纳克/升浓度的TC在斑马鱼的早期生命阶段引发了氧化应激和胚胎毒性；尽管如此，藻类螺旋藻能够降低这些影响的严重程度。
