ITER, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Malcanton Marcorà - Dorsoduro 3484/D, Calle Contarin, 30123, Venezia, Italy.
Hist Philos Life Sci. 2022 Nov 10;44(4):60. doi: 10.1007/s40656-022-00544-5.
Our goal in this paper is to reassess the relationship between norms and life by drawing on the philosophy of Georges Canguilhem, particularly some of his unpublished lectures about teratology and sexual determination. First, we discuss the difficulties Canguilhem identified in the introduction of life and sexuality as objects of philosophical reflection. Second, we reassess Canguilhem's understanding of normativity as rooted in life and the axiological activity of the living. Third, we analyze how Canguilhem drew from past and contemporary teratology to conceive of the notions of anomaly and abnormality. Finally, we reconstruct Canguilhem's analysis of a case of hermaphroditism, highlighting how he presented it as evidence that sexual determination is the result of a normative choice. One of the key contributions of the paper to scholarly literature on Canguilhem is a better understanding of his notion of choice, which was considered not the conscious and intentional act of a subject but rather an axiological activity of the living. We conclude by positioning Canguilhem's concept of normativity and his belief that norms are produced by the living in relation to the naturalist/normativist divide in medicine.
我们的目标在本文重新评估规范与生活之间的关系，借鉴乔治·康吉莱姆的哲学，特别是他一些关于畸形学和性决定的未发表的讲座。首先，我们讨论了康吉莱姆在将生命和性作为哲学反思的对象时所遇到的困难。其次，我们重新评估了康吉莱姆将规范性理解为植根于生命和生命的价值活动的观点。第三，我们分析了康吉莱姆如何从过去和当代的畸形学中构想异常和异常的概念。最后，我们重建了康吉莱姆对两性畸形案例的分析，强调了他如何将其作为性决定是规范选择的结果的证据。本文对康吉莱姆学术文献的一个主要贡献是更好地理解了他的选择概念，这一概念被认为不是主体的有意识和有意的行为，而是生命的一种价值活动。最后，我们将康吉莱姆的规范性概念及其认为规范是由生命产生的观点与医学中的自然主义/规范主义分歧联系起来。
