Romero María, Calvo Luis, Morales José Ignacio, Rodríguez Ana Isabel, Escudero Rosa María, Olivares Álvaro, López-Bote Clemente
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Copiso, Avda. de Valladolid, 105, 42005 Soria, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Oct 26;12(21):2936. doi: 10.3390/ani12212936.
Swine industries worldwide face a loss in profit due to high piglet mortality, particularly as a consequence of the marked increase in prolificity and low birth weight (BW) of piglets. This research studied the effect of BW and individual neonatal care provided to piglets on preweaning mortality, and the long-term effects on growth and carcass and meat characteristics. Litters from seventy-one crossbred sows (PIC 34) were included in the trial. Half of each litter did not receive any further management, and the remaining half received the pre-established management protocol of early assistance of neonatal care (NC). Along lactation, the low-BW piglets (weight equal to or less than 1.1 kg) showed a threefold higher mortality rate than piglets of higher weights (32 vs. 10%; p = 0.001), with mortality particularly concentrated within the first week after birth. No effect of NC treatment was observed on mortality ratio caused by crushing, but a significant effect was observed in low-BW piglets who died of starvation (p < 0.01). The effect of NC on growth is dependent on BW, and heavier piglets at birth benefit from NC treatment to a higher extent than low-BW piglets. Low-BW piglets showed a higher fatness (p = 0.003), lower lean cut yield (p = 0.002) in carcasses, and higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content (2.29% vs. 1.91%; p = 0.01) in meat. NC treatment increased the lean content in carcasses from low-BW piglets (p < 0.01). The monounsaturated fatty acids concentration was higher in lower-than-normal-BW piglets (48.1% vs. 47.1%; p = 0.002) and the opposite effect was observed for polyunsaturated fatty acids (13.6% vs. 15.7%; p = 0.002). NC treatment induced a higher concentration of n-7 fatty acids. In conclusion, NC treatment may be a useful practice to reduce mortality in low-BW piglets. Moreover, NC could affect carcass fatness and meat quality, thus suggesting a long-term effect on metabolism.
由于仔猪死亡率高，全球养猪业面临利润损失，尤其是由于仔猪繁殖力显著提高和出生体重低所致。本研究探讨了仔猪出生体重和个体新生护理对断奶前死亡率的影响，以及对生长、胴体和肉质特性的长期影响。试验纳入了71头杂交母猪（PIC 34）所产的仔猪。每窝仔猪中有一半未接受任何进一步管理，其余一半接受预先制定的新生护理早期协助（NC）管理方案。在哺乳期，低出生体重仔猪（体重等于或小于1.1千克）的死亡率比高体重仔猪高三倍（32%对10%；p = 0.001），死亡率尤其集中在出生后的第一周内。未观察到NC处理对挤压致死率有影响，但在死于饥饿的低出生体重仔猪中观察到显著影响（p < 0.01）。NC对生长的影响取决于出生体重，出生时较重的仔猪比低出生体重仔猪从NC处理中获益程度更高。低出生体重仔猪的胴体脂肪含量更高（p = 0.003），瘦肉切块产量更低（p = 0.002），肌肉内脂肪（IMF）含量更高（2.29%对1.91%；p = 0.01）。NC处理增加了低出生体重仔猪胴体的瘦肉含量（p < 0.01）。低于正常出生体重仔猪的单不饱和脂肪酸浓度更高（48.1%对47.1%；p = 0.002），而多不饱和脂肪酸则相反（13.6%对15.7%；p = 0.002）。NC处理诱导了更高浓度的n - 7脂肪酸。总之，NC处理可能是降低低出生体重仔猪死亡率的一种有用方法。此外，NC可能会影响胴体脂肪含量和肉质，从而表明对代谢有长期影响。
