Zhang Qian, Guo Tongqing, Wang Xungang, Zhang Xiaoling, Geng Yuanyue, Liu Hongjin, Xu Tianwei, Hu Linyong, Zhao Na, Xu Shixiao
Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Oct 30;12(21):2991. doi: 10.3390/ani12212991.
Shifts in feeding regimes are important factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock farming. However, the quantitative values and associated drivers of GHG emissions from yaks () following shifts in feeding regimes have yet to be fully described. In this study, we aimed to investigate CH and CO emissions differences of yaks under different feeding regimes and their potential microbial mechanisms. Using static breathing chamber and Picarro G2508 gas concentration analyzer, we measured the CO and CH emissions from yaks under traditional grazing (TG) and warm-grazing and cold-indoor feeding (WGCF) regimes. Microbial inventories from the ruminal fluid of the yaks were determined via Illumina 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. Results showed that implementing the TG regime in yaks decreased their CO and CH emissions compared to the WGCF regime. The alpha diversity of ruminal archaeal community was higher in the TG regime than in the WGCF regime. The beta diversity showed that significant differences in the rumen microbial composition of the TG regime and the WGCF regime. Changes in the rumen microbiota of the yaks were driven by differences in dietary nutritional parameters. The relative abundances of the phyla Neocallimastigomycota and Euryarchaeota and the functional genera , , , and were significantly higher in the WGCF regime than in the TG regime. CO and CH emissions from yaks differed mainly because of the enrichment relationship of functional H- and CO-producing microorganisms, hydrogen-consuming microbiota, and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic microbiota. Our results provided a view that it is ecologically important to develop GHG emissions reduction strategies for yaks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on traditional grazing regime.
饲养方式的转变是影响畜牧业温室气体（GHG）排放的重要因素。然而，牦牛饲养方式转变后的温室气体排放定量值及相关驱动因素尚未得到充分描述。在本研究中，我们旨在调查不同饲养方式下牦牛的CH和CO排放差异及其潜在的微生物机制。我们使用静态呼吸室和Picarro G2508气体浓度分析仪，测量了传统放牧（TG）以及暖季放牧和冷季舍饲（WGCF）方式下牦牛的CO和CH排放。通过Illumina 16S rRNA和ITS测序确定牦牛瘤胃液中的微生物群落。结果表明，与WGCF方式相比，牦牛采用TG方式可降低其CO和CH排放。TG方式下瘤胃古菌群落的α多样性高于WGCF方式。β多样性表明TG方式和WGCF方式的瘤胃微生物组成存在显著差异。牦牛瘤胃微生物群的变化受饮食营养参数差异的驱动。WGCF方式下新美鞭菌门和广古菌门的相对丰度以及功能属、、、和显著高于TG方式。牦牛的CO和CH排放差异主要是由于功能性产H和产CO微生物、耗氢微生物群以及氢营养型产甲烷微生物群的富集关系。我们的研究结果表明，基于传统放牧方式为青藏高原牦牛制定温室气体减排策略具有重要的生态意义。
