Alam Jahangir, Rahman Md Mostafizer, Halder Joyanta, Islam Md Rezuanul, Sarkar Nandini, Jabeen Ishrat, Hossain Mridha Md Kamal, Rubaya Rubaya, Alim Md Abdul, Bhuyan Anjuman Ara, Jahan Nusrat, Rahman Md Masudur, Ashour Hossam M
Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.
Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh.
Biomedicines. 2022 Oct 27;10(11):2717. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10112717.
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose threats to animal and human health. Outbreaks from the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in indigenous chickens in Bangladesh are infrequent. This could be attributed to the Myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene. To determine the impact of Mx gene diversity on AIV infections in chicken, we assessed the Mx genes, AIVs, and anti-AIV antibodies. DNA from blood cells, serum, and cloacal swab samples was isolated from non-vaccinated indigenous chickens and vaccinated commercial chickens. Possible relationships were assessed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure. Three genotypes of the Mx gene were detected (the resistant AA type, the sensitive GG type, and the heterozygous AG type). The AA genotype (0.48) was more prevalent than the GG (0.19) and the AG (0.33) genotypes. The AA genotype was more prevalent in indigenous than in commercial chickens. A total of 17 hemagglutinating viruses were isolated from the 512 swab samples. AIVs were detected in two samples (2/512; 0.39%) and subtyped as H1N1, whereas Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was detected in the remaining samples. The viral infections did not lead to apparent symptoms. Anti-AIV antibodies were detected in 44.92% of the samples with levels ranging from 27.37% to 67.65% in indigenous chickens and from 26% to 87.5% in commercial chickens. The anti-AIV antibody was detected in 40.16%, 65.98%, and 39.77% of chickens with resistant, sensitive, and heterozygous genotypes, respectively. The genotypes showed significant association (p < 0.001) with the anti-AIV antibodies. The low AIV isolation rates and high antibody prevalence rates could indicate seroconversion resulting from exposure to the virus as it circulates. Results indicate that the resistant genotype of the Mx gene might not offer anti-AIV protection for chickens.
禽流感病毒对动物和人类健康构成威胁。孟加拉国本土鸡群中高致病性禽流感病毒（HPAIV）的爆发并不常见。这可能归因于黏液病毒抗性（Mx）基因。为了确定Mx基因多样性对鸡群中禽流感病毒感染的影响，我们评估了Mx基因、禽流感病毒和抗禽流感病毒抗体。从未接种疫苗的本土鸡和接种疫苗的商业鸡中分离血细胞、血清和泄殖腔拭子样本的DNA。使用一般线性模型（GLM）程序评估可能的关系。检测到Mx基因的三种基因型（抗性AA型、敏感GG型和杂合AG型）。AA基因型（0.48）比GG（0.19）和AG（0.33）基因型更普遍。AA基因型在本土鸡中比在商业鸡中更普遍。从512份拭子样本中共分离出17种血凝病毒。在两个样本（2/512；0.39%）中检测到禽流感病毒，并亚型化为H1N1，而在其余样本中检测到新城疫病毒（NDV）。病毒感染未导致明显症状。在44.92%的样本中检测到抗禽流感病毒抗体，本土鸡中的水平范围为27.37%至67.65%，商业鸡中的水平范围为26%至87.5%。在抗性、敏感和杂合基因型的鸡中，分别有40.16%、65.98%和39.77%检测到抗禽流感病毒抗体。基因型与抗禽流感病毒抗体显示出显著关联（p < 0.001）。低禽流感病毒分离率和高抗体流行率可能表明因接触循环中的病毒而导致血清转化。结果表明，Mx基因的抗性基因型可能无法为鸡提供抗禽流感病毒保护。
