Aziz Ahmad Fudail Eiyad, Roshidi Norhamizah, Othman Nurulhasanah, Mohd Hanafiah Khayriyyah, Arifin Norsyahida
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Nov 9;12(11):2744. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12112744.
remains a neglected tropical disease. A key feature of the sustained transmission of is the ability to form environmentally resistant cysts. For the last 38 years, proteomics has been utilised to study various aspects of the parasite across different life cycle stages. Thirty-one articles have been published in PubMed from 2012 to 2022 related to the proteomics of . Currently, mass spectrometry with LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF has been commonly utilised in proteomic analyses of , which enables researchers to determine potential candidates for diagnostic biomarkers as well as vaccine and drug targets, in addition to allowing them to investigate the virulence of giardiasis, the pathogenicity mechanisms of , and the post-translational modifications of proteins throughout encystation. Over the last decade, valuable information from proteomics analyses of has been discovered in terms of the pathogenesis and virulence of , which may provide guidance for the development of better means with which to prevent and reduce the impacts of giardiasis. Nonetheless, there is room for improving proteomics analyses of , since genomic sequences for additional assemblages of have uncovered previously unknown proteins associated with the proteome. Therefore, this paper aims to review the applications of proteomics for the characterisation of pathogenicity and the discovery of novel vaccine as well as drug targets, in addition to proposing some general directions for future proteomic research.
仍然是一种被忽视的热带疾病。其持续传播的一个关键特征是能够形成对环境有抵抗力的包囊。在过去38年里，蛋白质组学已被用于研究该寄生虫在不同生命周期阶段的各个方面。2012年至2022年期间，PubMed上发表了31篇与该寄生虫蛋白质组学相关的文章。目前，液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF/TOF）已普遍用于该寄生虫的蛋白质组学分析，这使研究人员能够确定诊断生物标志物以及疫苗和药物靶点的潜在候选物，此外还能让他们研究贾第虫病的毒力、该寄生虫的致病机制以及整个包囊形成过程中该寄生虫蛋白质的翻译后修饰。在过去十年中，从该寄生虫的蛋白质组学分析中发现了有关其发病机制和毒力的有价值信息，这可能为开发更好的预防和减少贾第虫病影响的方法提供指导。尽管如此，该寄生虫的蛋白质组学分析仍有改进空间，因为该寄生虫其他组合的基因组序列揭示了与该寄生虫蛋白质组相关的先前未知的蛋白质。因此，本文旨在综述蛋白质组学在表征该寄生虫致病性以及发现新型疫苗和药物靶点方面的应用，此外还为未来该寄生虫的蛋白质组学研究提出一些总体方向。
