Carola Valeria, Vincenzo Cristina, Morale Chiara, Cecchi Valentina, Rocco Monica, Nicolais Giampaolo
Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Surgical Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Nov 2;10(11):2201. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10112201.
Although the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the general population, health care workers (HCWs) constituted one of the groups that were most adversely affected by the associated risks, owing to the significant consequences on their mental health. This study examined these psychological effects on HCWs who cared for COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit in an Italian hospital.
Subjects were administered several self-reported questionnaires: Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), as well as two open-ended questions oriented toward understanding their positive and negative emotional experience and differentiating between two phases of the emergency.
Overall, 45% of HCWs showed medium-to-high anxiety/depressive symptoms, whereas 60% presented with medium-to-high levels of perceived stress. In addition, 37% of subjects developed symptoms of PTSD and 50% showed post-traumatic growth in the "appreciation of life" and "new possibilities" dimensions. With regard to the open-ended questions, three themes were identified: quality of workplace relationships, sense of emotional-relational competence, and sense of clinical-technical competence. In addition, two macrocategories of responses were identified in the answers: growth and block.
The mental health of HCWs who are involved in the front line of COVID-19 was significantly impacted by this experience, showing high levels of post-traumatic stress and anxiety and depressive symptoms more than 1 year after the emergency began. A qualitative analysis of staff experiences can be a useful guide for structuring interventions and prevention.
尽管新冠疫情对普通人群产生了影响，但医护人员因其心理健康受到的重大影响，成为受相关风险负面影响最大的群体之一。本研究调查了意大利一家医院中照顾入住重症监护病房的新冠患者的医护人员所受到的这些心理影响。
对受试者进行了多项自我报告问卷调查：凯斯勒10项心理困扰量表（K10）、感知压力量表-10（PSS）、事件影响量表修订版（IES-R）和创伤后成长量表（PTGI），以及两个开放式问题，旨在了解他们的积极和消极情绪体验，并区分紧急情况的两个阶段。
总体而言，45%的医护人员表现出中度至高度焦虑/抑郁症状，而60%的人表现出中度至高度的感知压力。此外，37%的受试者出现了创伤后应激障碍症状，50%的人在“对生活的欣赏”和“新可能性”维度上表现出创伤后成长。关于开放式问题，确定了三个主题：工作场所人际关系质量、情感关系能力感和临床技术能力感。此外，在回答中还确定了两大类反应：成长和阻碍。
参与新冠一线工作的医护人员的心理健康受到此次经历的显著影响，在紧急情况开始一年多后，表现出高水平的创伤后应激、焦虑和抑郁症状。对工作人员经历的定性分析可为构建干预措施和预防工作提供有用指导。
