Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Khartoum ENT Hospital, Khartoum HGXH+7Q6, Sudan.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P.O. Box 20, Sudan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 24;19(21):13814. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113814.
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are prevalent in Sudan, but the reasons for this and the incidence of different types of HNCs are not well understood. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to provide baseline data on the epidemiology of HNCs among patients treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in central Sudan. All cancer cases from 2016 to 2020 were retrieved from the NCI records. Of the 9475 new cancer patients who were registered at the NCI during the study period, 1033 (11%) had HNCs, of whom 767 (74.2%) were adults. The mean age of the adult patients was 54.5 years (standard deviation 15.8) and 449 (58.5%) patients were male. The annual incidence in adults was 4/10 population. The most common HNC sites were the nasopharynx (25.3%), hypopharynx (22.8%), and oral cavity (22.2%). Carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (87.6%), followed by lymphoma (5.6%). Most patients' tumors were at a locally advanced (22%) or metastatic stage (47%) of HNCs at the time of presentation. Further studies to identify risk factors for HNCs, particularly for the most prevalent types in central Sudan, are needed. In addition, Sudan requires capacity building for cancer, including a national cancer registry.
头颈部癌症（HNCs）在苏丹很常见，但导致这种情况的原因以及不同类型 HNCs 的发病率尚不清楚。本研究通过开展一项横断面回顾性研究，旨在为苏丹中部国家癌症研究所（NCI）治疗的 HNC 患者的流行病学提供基线数据。本研究从 NCI 记录中检索了 2016 年至 2020 年期间所有的癌症病例。在研究期间，在 NCI 登记的 9475 名新癌症患者中，有 1033 名（11%）患有 HNC，其中 767 名（74.2%）为成年人。成年患者的平均年龄为 54.5 岁（标准差 15.8），449 名（58.5%）患者为男性。成年人的年发病率为 4/10 人口。最常见的 HNC 部位是鼻咽（25.3%）、下咽（22.8%）和口腔（22.2%）。最常见的诊断是癌（87.6%），其次是淋巴瘤（5.6%）。大多数患者在就诊时的 HNC 肿瘤处于局部晚期（22%）或转移阶段（47%）。需要进一步研究以确定 HNC 的危险因素，特别是在苏丹中部最常见的类型。此外，苏丹需要癌症方面的能力建设，包括建立国家癌症登记处。
