Departamento Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Unidad de Investigación Competitiva Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes Desde la Perspectiva de Una Salud ENZOEM, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Darwin, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Departamento Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Darwin, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 26;19(21):13894. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113894.
Bisphenol-A is an emerging pollutant that is widespread in the environment, and to which live beings are continuously and inadvertently exposed. It is a substance with an endocrine-disrupting capacity, causing alterations in the reproductive, immunological, and neurological systems, among others, as well as metabolic alterations. Our study aimed to assess its clinical signs, and effects on the most relevant blood biochemical parameters, and to evaluate pituitary and gonadal histology after a chronic exposure of adult mice to different BPA doses (0.5, 2, 4, 50 and 100 µg/kg BW/day) through their drinking water. The biochemical results showed that a marked significant reduction ( < 0.05) was produced in the levels of serum glucose, hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminemia in the groups exposed to the highest doses, whereas in the group exposed to 50 µg/kg BW/day the glucose and total protein levels dropped, and the animals exposed to 100 µg/kg BW/day experienced a diminution in albumin levels. In the case of the group exposed to 50 µg/kg BW/day, however, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were determined, and the blood parameters indicating kidney alterations such as urea and creatinine experienced a significant increase ( < 0.05) with respect to the controls. Regarding the pituitary and gonads, none of the animals exposed presented histological alterations at the doses tested, giving similar images to those of the control group. These results suggest that continuous exposure to low BPA doses could trigger an inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, which would result in a hypoglycaemic state, together with an induction of the enzymes responsible for lipidic synthesis, a mechanism by which the increase in the lipid and serum cholesterol levels could be explained. Likewise, the decline in the protein and albumin levels would be indicative of a possible hepatic alteration, and the increase in urea and creatinine would point to a possible renal perturbation, derived from continuous exposure to this xenobiotic. Based on our results, it could be said that chronic exposure to low BPA doses would not produce any clinical signs or histological pituitary-gonadal effects, but it could cause modifications in some blood biochemical parameters, that could initially indicate a possible hepatic and renal effect.
双酚 A 是一种新兴的环境污染物，生物不断地、无意间暴露于其中。它是一种具有内分泌干扰能力的物质，会导致生殖、免疫和神经系统等发生改变，以及代谢改变。我们的研究旨在评估其临床症状以及对最相关的血液生化参数的影响，并评估成年小鼠在通过饮用水暴露于不同 BPA 剂量（0.5、2、4、50 和 100μg/kgBW/天）后，其垂体和性腺组织学的变化。生化结果表明，暴露于最高剂量组的血清葡萄糖、低蛋白血症和低白蛋白血症水平显著降低（<0.05），而暴露于 50μg/kgBW/天组的葡萄糖和总蛋白水平下降，暴露于 100μg/kgBW/天组的白蛋白水平下降。然而，暴露于 50μg/kgBW/天组的动物则出现了高甘油三酯血症和高胆固醇血症，并且指示肾脏改变的血液参数如尿素和肌酐与对照组相比显著增加（<0.05）。关于垂体和性腺，在测试剂量下，没有暴露的动物出现组织学改变，给出了与对照组相似的图像。这些结果表明，持续暴露于低剂量的 BPA 可能会引发肝糖异生的抑制，从而导致低血糖状态，同时诱导脂质合成的酶的诱导，这可以解释脂质和血清胆固醇水平增加的原因。同样，蛋白质和白蛋白水平的下降表明可能存在肝脏改变，尿素和肌酐的增加表明可能存在肾脏扰动，这源于持续暴露于这种外源性物质。根据我们的结果，可以说慢性暴露于低剂量的 BPA 不会产生任何临床症状或组织学垂体性腺效应，但它可能会导致一些血液生化参数的改变，这些改变最初可能表明存在潜在的肝和肾效应。
